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Earl of Lovelace

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Not to be confused with Baron Lovelace.

Earldom of Lovelace
Arms of King: Sable, three Spear Heads Argent, imbrued proper, on a Chief Or, three Battle-Axes Azure; Crest: A Cubit Arm, vested Azure, charged with three Ermine Spots in fess Or, cuffed Argent, grasping in the hand proper, the broken shaft of a Spear in bend sinister Sable, the butt Argent; Supporters: On either side a Mastiff Dog reguardant proper, collared Gules.
Creation date30 June 1838
Created byQueen Victoria
PeeragePeerage of the United Kingdom
First holderWilliam King, 8th Baron King of Ockham
Last holderPeter King, 5th Earl of Lovelace
Remainder toheirs male of the body of the grantee
Subsidiary titlesViscount Ockham
Baron King
StatusExtinct
Extinction date31 January 2018
MottoLABOR IPSE VOLUPTAS
("Labour itself is a pleasure")
Peter King, 1st Baron King, by Daniel de Coning, 1720.

Earl of Lovelace was a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1838 for William King-Noel, 8th Baron King, a title created in 1725.

History

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The King or Locke King family stems from the only known child of Jerome King, a grocer, of Exeter, and his wife Anne,[n 1] first cousin of the leading philosopher of quite low birth, John Locke. This child was Sir Peter King, a prominent lawyer and politician who served as Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas from 1714 to 1725, and as Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain from 1725 to 1733; as such, in 1725 he was created Baron King of Ockham in the County of Surrey, in the Peerage of Great Britain (verbally and less formally Lord King).[1] The estate he bought was chosen as his territorial designation.

He was succeeded by his eldest son (the second Baron) who represented Launceston and Exeter in the House of Commons but died aged 34. His three younger brothers—Peter, William and Thomas—all succeeded in the barony. Thomas was succeeded by his son, the sixth Baron, whose son, the seventh Baron, was a Whig politician and writer. On his death in 1833, the title passed to his eldest son, the eighth Baron.

In 1835, the eighth Baron married as his first wife the Hon. (Augusta) Ada Byron, the only daughter of the poet Lord Byron and his wife 11th Baroness Wentworth ( Anne Isabella Milbanke), who was a descendant of the extinct Barons Lovelace. In 1838 the eighth Baron was created Viscount Ockham (territorial designation the same, to be the family's first courtesy title), and Earl of Lovelace in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.[2] He was appointed the Lord-Lieutenant of Surrey from 1840 to 1893. Ada died in 1852, leaving her husband, in his forties, a widower. In 1860, he assumed for himself by Royal licence the additional surname and arms of Noel, those of Wentworth. In 1865 he remarried, to Jane Crawford Jenkins[n 2] and had one child, who would eventually inherit the earldom. Lord Lovelace acquired Horsley Towers (now a hotel) in East Horsley and was patron of the parish church funding the rebuilding of the chancel and the nave in 1869.[3] He also rebuilt the wall of the churchyard which included a number of architectural features such as the gazebo and its family crest-engraved walls. He planned for his death 20 years before he died when work began on building his mausoleum in another corner of the churchyard. The mausoleum, which has recently been restored, contains his tomb and that of his second wife.[4] His eldest son Byron, Viscount Ockham, briefly succeeded his maternal grandmother to become the 12th Baron Wentworth according to its special remainder in 1860. However, he predeceased his father, unmarried, two years later.

At his death in 1893, the 1st Earl of Lovelace was succeeded by his second son Ralph (1839–1906), who was then already the 13th Baron Wentworth. In 1861, Ralph had assumed by Royal licence the surname of Milbanke in lieu of Noel.

The 2nd Earl of Lovelace had no sons and was succeeded in the barony of Wentworth by his only child, Ada King-Milbanke, 14th Baroness Wentworth.[n 3] His other titles passed to his half-brother Lionel (1865–1929), the 3rd Earl.

In 1895, the 3rd Earl of Lovelace had received for himself only Royal licence to use the additional surname and arms of Noel, but resumed by Royal licence, in 1908, the surname and arms of King only for himself and his children. He served in the First World War as a Major in the Northumberland Fusiliers and as a staff-Captain.

The titles were finally held by his grandson, the 5th Earl (1951–2018), who succeeded his father in 1964 and died in 2018.[5] As there were no heirs to the earldom of Lovelace, to the viscountcy of Ockham and to the barony of King of Ockham, these all became extinct at his death.[6]

Family seats

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The family seat following its purchase by the 1st Lord King was Ockham Park, Ockham, Surrey until the fine Jacobean house was reduced to outbuildings in a fire in 1948. The family then moved its main home to Torridon House, near Torridon in Ross-shire.

After the 1st Baron King's death in 1734, the King Chapel was added to All Saints' Church, Ockham, intended as a chapel over the family vault of the Lords King and their descendants.[7]

The 1st Earl of Lovelace's Mausoleum in the churchyard of Martin's Church, East Horsley

The traditional burial place of the Earls of Lovelace was at Martin's Church, East Horsley. The 1st Earl is buried in a mausoleum in a corner of the churchyard, the 2nd Earl was cremated at Woking Crematorium (his ashes are buried in the King Chapel of All Saints' Church, Ockham), while the 3rd Earl and his wife Edith († 1932), the 4th Earl and his wife Doris († 1940) as well as the Lovelace daughters Lady Diana de Hosszu († 1955) and Lady Penelope Allen († 1947) rest in the churchyard of Martin's, where the "Lovelace Plot" was set apart for “myself, my heirs and (...) the exclusive right in perpetuity of burial and placing monuments and gravestones” by the 3rd Earl in 1909.[8]

Barons King (1725) (of Ockham)[n 4]

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Earls of Lovelace (1838)

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Notable family members

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Ada Lovelace, painted portrait circa 1836
Portrait of Ada Lovelace by British painter Margaret Sarah Carpenter (1836)

Notable wives

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Ada Lovelace, the 1st Earl's first wife, was an English mathematician and writer chiefly known for her work on Charles Babbage's early mechanical general-purpose computer, the Analytical Engine. Her notes on the engine include what is recognised as the first algorithm intended to be processed by a machine. Because of this, she is often described as the world's first computer programmer.[9][10][11]

Notable younger sons and their sons

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The Hon. Peter King, second son of the seventh Lord King (and brother of the first Earl of Lovelace), was a long-serving progressive politician who bought Brooklands and the father of Hugh F. Locke King, the entrepreneur who transformed it into a pioneering racetrack and aviation centre from the year 1906 onwards.

The family had no male heirs, nor female who married a celebrity.[6] Hugh died without children in 1926 and his elder brother Peter died in middle age in 1885 in Aston without sons. Hugh's large Brooklands estate became Brooklands College, Brooklands Museum, a hotel, Mercedes Benz World, paths through greens, skateboarding and playground spaces and Brooklands distribution/retail park. A small part has become housing, having addresses with motor history names.

Descendants of the 1st Earl of Lovelace

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Notes

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  1. ^ Her father was Peter Locke.
  2. ^ a widow
  3. ^ With its wide remainder, the 14th Baroness was succeeded by her aunt Anne Blunt, 15th Baroness Wentworth, daughter of the first Earl; see the Baron Wentworth for later history of this title
  4. ^ There have been other King peerages, each of them life peerages.

References

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  1. ^ "No. 6377". The London Gazette. 1 June 1725. p. 1.
  2. ^ "No. 19629". The London Gazette. 26 June 1838. p. 1445.
  3. ^ St Martin's Church
  4. ^ Exploring Surrey's Past
  5. ^ "Earl of Lovelace dies at Highland home, aged 66". The Press and Journal. 5 February 2018.
  6. ^ a b Lovelace, Earl of (UK, 1838) – website Cracroft's Peerage
  7. ^ See All Saints' Church, Ockham, Surrey
  8. ^ Keith Michel: The Lovelace Story – A Short History, January 2019 (online)
  9. ^ Fuegi, J; Francis, J (October–December 2003), "Lovelace & Babbage and the creation of the 1843 'notes'", Annals of the History of Computing, 25 (4), IEEE: 16–26, doi:10.1109/MAHC.2003.1253887
  10. ^ Phillips, Ana Lena (November–December 2011). "Crowdsourcing gender equity: Ada lovelace day, and its companion website, aims to raise the profile of women in science and technology". American Scientist. 99 (6): 463. doi:10.1511/2011.93.463.
  11. ^ "Ada Lovelace honoured by Google doodle", The Guardian, 10 December 2012, retrieved 10 December 2012.
  12. ^ Burke's Peerage, 107th Ed., 2003, London, vol. 2 page 2417

Sources

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Earls of Lovelace.
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