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National Olympic Committee

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A National Olympic Committee (NOC) is a national constituent of the worldwide Olympic movement. Subject to the controls of the International Olympic Committee, NOCs are responsible for organizing their people's participation in the Olympic Games. They may nominate cities within their respective areas as candidates for future Olympic Games. NOCs also promote the development of athletes and the training of coaches and officials at a national level within their geographies.

National Olympic Committees

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As of 2023, there are 206 National Olympic Committees.[1] These include each of the 193 member states of the United Nations, one UN observer state (Palestine[2]), two states without UN recognition (Kosovo[3] and Taiwan[note 1][4]) and one associated state of New Zealand (the Cook Islands[5]).

There are also nine dependent territories with recognized NOCs: four territories of the United States (American Samoa,[6] Guam,[7] Puerto Rico,[8] and the United States Virgin Islands[9]), three British Overseas Territories (Bermuda,[10] the British Virgin Islands,[11] and the Cayman Islands[12]), one constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands (Aruba[13]) and one special administrative region of China (Hong Kong[14]).

Prior to 1996, rules for recognizing dependent territories or constituent countries as separate countries within the IOC were not as strict as those within the United Nations, which allowed these territories to field teams separately from their sovereign state. Following an amendment to the Olympic Charter in 1996, NOC recognition can only be granted after recognition as an independent country by the international community.[15] Since the rule does not apply retroactively, the dependent territories and constituent countries which were recognized before the rule change are allowed to continue sending separate teams to the Olympics,[15] while the Faroe Islands[16] and Macau[17] send their own Paralympic teams.

The only state which thus qualifies to participate in the future is the Vatican City, a UN observer state. Niue, an associated state of New Zealand, could also be eligible as it conducts its own foreign relations and participates independently in UN specialized agencies and treaties,[18] though this is unclear.[19] Currently, all other remaining states are ineligible to join the IOC as they are not recognized by a majority of United Nations member countries.[20] Constituent countries and dependent territories such as Curaçao, the Faroe Islands, Gibraltar, Greenland, Macau, New Caledonia and French Polynesia can also no longer be recognized, so athletes from these territories can only participate in the Olympics as part of their parent nation's national team. This rule also applies to territories experiencing a change in status – the Netherlands Antilles Olympic Committee was dissolved at the 123rd IOC session in July 2011 as the Netherlands Antilles ceased to exist in 2010.[21][22]

For those countries and territories that are part of the Commonwealth of Nations, their National Olympic Committees usually also serve as the members of the Commonwealth Games Association, though not for the constituent countries of the United Kingdom (England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland), nor for Canada or Australia, who maintain separate organisations for Commonwealth and Olympic sport. For the other Commonwealth members, their NOCs are responsible for organising and overseeing their national teams at the Commonwealth Games.[23][24]

Listed NOCs

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This section lists the current:

  • 206 National Olympic Committees who are recognised by the International Olympic Committee, and so are the members of the Association of National Olympic Committees.[citation needed]
  • 7 National Olympic Committees who are recognised by their continental Olympic associations, but are not recognised by the International Olympic Committee (Italics).[citation needed]

The ANOC members are eligible to enter the Olympic Games. Some National Olympic Committees who are members of a continental Olympic association but not ANOC members compete in continental-level and subregional-level tournaments. These committees, however, are not allowed to participate in the Olympic Games.

The five continental Olympic associations are:[citation needed]

The IOC runs the Summer Olympic Games and the Winter Olympic Games as competitions in which all IOC-recognized NOCs can participate. Each continent also runs its own championships for their members:[citation needed]

While not continental unions in themselves, the Union of Arab National Olympic Committees (UANOC) and International Committee of Mediterranean Games (CIJM) organize multi-sport events between Arabic-speaking countries and Mediterranean countries respectively.[citation needed] All 22 National Olympic Committees that form the UANOC and the 26 from CIJM are also members of either the ANOCA, EOC or OCA and are eligible to send their athletes to either the African, European or Asian Games. National Olympic Committees from the UANOC and CIJM are noted in the list below.[citation needed]

Africa (ANOCA)

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1: National Olympic Committee is a member of the UANOC.
2: National Olympic Committee is a member of the CIJM.
3: National Olympic Committee is also National Commonwealth Games Association

Americas (Panam Sports)

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1: National Olympic committee also a member of the Commonwealth Games Federation

Asia (OCA)

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1: National Olympic Committee is a member of the UANOC.
2: National Olympic Committee is a member of the OCA but not an ANOC member.
3: Official name used by the IOC, ANOC and OCA for the Taiwan Republic of China (Taiwan).
4: National Olympic Committee is a member of the CIJM.
5: National Olympic committee also the national Commonwealth Games Association.

Europe (EOC)

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1: Israel was a member of the OCA, but was expelled from the organization between 1952 and 1981. Joined the EOC in 1994.
2: National Olympic Committee is a member of the CIJM.
3: National Olympic committee also the national Commonwealth Games Association.
4: National Olympic Committee is suspended by the IOC.[30]

Oceania (ONOC)

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1: National Olympic Committee is an associate member of the ONOC but not an ANOC member.

Notes

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Divisions

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The NOCs are all members of the Association of National Olympic Committees (ANOC), which is also split among five continental associations:

Continent Association NOCs Oldest NOC Newest NOC
  Africa
 Association of National Olympic Committees of Africa 54 Egypt Egypt (1910) South Sudan South Sudan (2015)
  Americas
 Pan American Sports Organization 41 United States United States (1894) Dominica Dominica (1993)
Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Kitts and Nevis (1993)
Saint Lucia Saint Lucia (1993)
  Asia
 Olympic Council of Asia 44[31] Japan Japan (1912) East Timor Timor-Leste (2003)
  Europe
 European Olympic Committees 50 France France (1894) Kosovo Kosovo (2014)
  Oceania
 Oceania National Olympic Committees 17 Australia Australia (1895) Tuvalu Tuvalu (2007)

See the article for each continental association for the complete lists of all NOCs.

Unrecognized National Olympic Committees

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The Faroe Islands and Macau both have recognized National Paralympic Committees and compete at the Paralympic Games. However, neither territory's National Olympic Committee is recognized by the IOC, so they cannot participate in the Olympics.[32] Macau remains recognized by the Olympic Council of Asia and takes part in the Asian Games.

Other existing countries/regions with unrecognized Olympic committees: Catalonia,[33] Gibraltar,[34] French Polynesia, Niue,[35] New Caledonia,[36] Curaçao,[37][38][39] Guadeloupe,[37][39] French Guiana,[37][39] Martinique,[37][39] Sint Maarten,[37] the Northern Mariana Islands, Anguilla,[39] Montserrat,[39] Turks & Caicos Islands,[39][37] Transnistria, Kurdistan,[40][41] Northern Cyprus,[42] Somaliland,[43] Abkhazia,[44] and Native Americans.[45][46]

It was reported in 2014 that South Ossetia intend to establish a National Olympic Committee.[47]

Olympic Sport

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Name of organization Sport Non-IOC member is member in world level Non-IOC member is only member in continental level Case of United Kingdom
FIFA Association football AnguillaAnguilla, MontserratMontserrat, Turks and Caicos Islands Turks and Caicos Islands, Curaçao Curaçao, Macau Macau, China, Faroe Islands Faroe Islands, Gibraltar Gibraltar, French Polynesia Tahiti, New Caledonia New Caledonia Northern Mariana Islands Northern Mariana Islands, Sint Maarten Sint Maarten, Collectivity of Saint Martin Saint-Martin, Guadeloupe Guadeloupe,  Martinique, French Guiana French Guiana, Bonaire Bonaire, Réunion Reunion (club competitions only), Zanzibar Zanzibar (club and CECAFA competitions only)[48][49][50]) England England, Scotland Scotland, Wales Wales,  Northern Ireland
World Aquatics Swimming Anguilla Anguilla, Curaçao Curaçao, Sint Maarten Sint Maarten, Macau Macau, China, Faroe Islands Faroe Islands, Gibraltar Gibraltar, Northern Mariana Islands Northern Mariana Islands As Great Britain
World Athletics Athletics French Polynesia Tahiti, Norfolk Island Norfolk Island, Gibraltar Gibraltar, Macau Macau, China, Anguilla Anguilla, Montserrat Montserrat, Turks and Caicos Islands Turks and Caicos Islands, New Caledonia New Caledonia, Wallis and Futuna Wallis and Futuna, Niue Niue, Martinique Martinique, Guadeloupe Guadeloupe, French Guiana French Guiana, Sint Maarten Sint Maarten, Curaçao Curaçao As Great Britain
World Archery Federation Archery French Polynesia Tahiti, Norfolk Island Norfolk Island, Falkland Islands Falkland Islands, Macau Macau, China, Faroe Islands Faroe Islands As Great Britain
Badminton World Federation Badminton Curaçao Curaçao, French Polynesia Tahiti, Gibraltar Gibraltar, Greenland Greenland, Falkland Islands Falkland Islands, Macau Macau, China, Faroe Islands Faroe Islands, Saint Helena Saint Helena, Norfolk Island Norfolk Island, Isle of Man Isle of Man, Réunion Reunion, French Guiana French Guiana, Guadeloupe Guadeloupe, Martinique Martinique, New Caledonia New Caledonia, Martinique Martinique, Northern Mariana Islands Northern Mariana Islands, Wallis and Futuna Wallis and Futuna England England, Scotland Scotland, Wales Wales
FIBA Basketball Montserrat Montserrat, Turks and Caicos Islands Turks and Caicos Islands, French Polynesia Tahiti, Norfolk Island Norfolk Island, Macau Macau, China, Gibraltar Gibraltar As Great Britain
International Boxing Association (amateur) Amateur boxing Anguilla Anguilla, French Polynesia Tahiti, Sint Maarten Sint Maarten, Curaçao Curaçao, Macau Macau, China, Gibraltar Gibraltar England England, Scotland Scotland, Wales Wales
International Canoe Federation Canoeing Sint Maarten Sint Maarten, French Polynesia Tahiti, Macau Macau, China As Great Britain
International Cycling Union Cycling Sint Maarten Sint Maarten, Curaçao Curaçao, Macau Macau, China

Vatican City Vatican

As Great Britain
World DanceSport Federation DanceSport Macau Macau, China England England, Scotland Scotland, Wales Wales
International Federation for Equestrian Sports Equestrian England England, Scotland Scotland, Wales Wales
International Federation of Sport Climbing Sport Climbing Macau Macau, China New Caledonia New Caledonia As Great Britain
International Fencing Federation Fencing Macau Macau, China As Great Britain
International Golf Federation Golf England England, Scotland Scotland, Wales Wales
International Gymnastics Federation Gymnastics England England, Scotland Scotland, Wales Wales
International Handball Federation Handball Faroe Islands Faroe Islands, Greenland Greenland, French Guiana French Guiana, French PolynesiaTahiti, New Caledonia New Caledonia, Northern Mariana Islands Northern Mariana Islands, Guadeloupe Guadeloupe, Martinique Martinique, Macau Macau, China As Great Britain, but England England and Scotland Scotland are association members
International Hockey Federation Field hockey Macau Macau, China, Gibraltar Gibraltar England England, Scotland Scotland, Wales Wales; but Great Britain is adherent member
International Judo Federation Judo Macau Macau, China, Niue Niue, Norfolk Island Norfolk Island, New Caledonia New Caledonia, French Polynesia Tahiti, Martinique Martinique, Guadeloupe Guadeloupe, Réunion Reunion, Faroe Islands Faroe Islands, Curaçao Curaçao As Great Britain
International Modern Pentathlon Union Modern pentathlon As Great Britain
World Rowing Federation Rowing Gibraltar Gibraltar As Great Britain
World Rugby Rugby union Niue Niue New Caledonia New Caledonia, French Polynesia Tahiti, Wallis and Futuna Wallis and Futuna, Macau Macau, China, Martinique Martinique, Guadeloupe Guadeloupe, French Guiana French Guiana, Curaçao Curaçao, Réunion Reunion, Mayotte Mayotte England England, Scotland Scotland, Wales Wales
World Sailing Sailing French Polynesia Tahiti, Netherlands Antilles Netherlands Antilles As Great Britain
International Shooting Sport Federation Shooting sports Faroe Islands Faroe Islands, Macau Macau, China As Great Britain
International Surfing Association Surfing Hawaii Hawaii, French Polynesia Tahiti, Jersey Channel Islands England England, Scotland Scotland, Wales Wales
ITTF Table tennis Jersey Jersey, Guernsey Guernsey, Gibraltar Gibraltar, Greenland Greenland,Faroe Islands Faroe Islands, Macau Macau, China, French Polynesia Tahiti, Falkland Islands Falkland Islands, Sint Maarten Sint Maarten, Northern Mariana Islands Northern Mariana Islands, New Caledonia New Caledonia, Niue Niue, Tokelau Tokelau, Wallis and Futuna Wallis and Futuna England England, Scotland Scotland, Wales Wales
World Taekwondo Taekwondo Isle of Man Isle of Man, Macau Macau, China, New Caledonia New Caledonia, French Polynesia Tahiti, Martinique Martinique, Guadeloupe Guadeloupe,

Vatican City Vatican

As Great Britain
ITF Tennis French Polynesia Tahiti, Curaçao Curaçao, Macau Macau, China, Anguilla Anguilla,Bonaire Bonaire, Norfolk Island Norfolk Islands, Northern Mariana Islands Northern Mariana Islands Sint Maarten Sint Maarten, Martinique Martinique, Guadeloupe Guadeloupe, French Guiana French Guiana As Great Britain
World Triathlon Triathlon Gibraltar Gibraltar, Macau Macau, China, New Caledonia New Caledonia, French Polynesia Tahiti, Northern Mariana Islands Northern Mariana Islands As Great Britain
Fédération Internationale de Volleyball Volleyball Macau Macau, China, Gibraltar Gibraltar, Greenland Greenland, Faroe Islands Faroe Islands, French Polynesia Tahiti, Northern Mariana Islands Northern Mariana Islands, Martinique Martinique, Guadeloupe Guadeloupe, French Guiana French Guiana, Bonaire Bonaire, Saba (island) Saba, Sint Eustatius Sint Eustatius, Sint Maarten Sint Maarten, Collectivity of Saint Martin Saint-Martin, Curaçao Curaçao England England, Scotland Scotland, Wales Wales
International Weightlifting Federation Olympic weightlifting Zanzibar Zanzibar, Niue Niue, New Caledonia New Caledonia, French Polynesia Tahiti, Wallis and Futuna Wallis and Futuna, Northern Mariana Islands Northern Mariana Islands, Turks and Caicos Islands Turks and Caicos Islands, Curaçao Curaçao United Kingdom Great Britain, Northern Ireland Northern Ireland, Scotland Scotland, Wales Wales
United World Wrestling Amateur wrestling Tokelau Tokelau, Niue Niue, French Polynesia Tahiti, Northern Mariana Islands Northern Mariana Islands, Turks and Caicos Islands Turks and Caicos Islands, Curaçao Curaçao As Great Britain
International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation Bobsleigh and Skeleton As Great Britain
International Biathlon Union Biathlon Greenland Greenland As Great Britain

Association of IOC Recognized International Sports Federations

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Name of organization Sport Non-IOC member is member in world level Non-IOC member is only member in continental level Case of Great Britain
World Pool-Billiard Association Pool (cue sports) Northern Cyprus North Cyprus, Bonaire Bonaire, Curaçao Curaçao, French Polynesia Tahiti, Macau Macau, China As Great Britain
International Billiards and Snooker Federation Snooker and English billiards (amateur) Isle of Man Isle of Man None
Union Mondiale de Billard Carom billiards Northern Cyprus North Cyprus, Isle of Man Isle of Man, Curaçao Curaçao None
Tug of War International Federation Tug of War Guernsey Channel Islands, Basque Country (autonomous community) Basque Country, Macau Macau, China England England, Scotland Scotland, Wales Wales, Northern Ireland Northern Ireland
International Wushu Federation Wushu New Caledonia New Caledonia, Macau Macau, China As Great Britain
Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques Underwater sport French Polynesia Tahiti, Northern Mariana Islands Northern Mariana Islands As Great Britain
World Squash Federation Squash Guernsey Guernsey, Jersey Jersey, Isle of Man Isle of Man, Gibraltar Gibraltar, Macau Macau, China, New Caledonia New Caledonia, French Polynesia Tahiti, Norfolk Island Norfolk Island England England, Scotland Scotland, Wales Wales
Union Internationale Motonautique Powerboating Macau Macau, China As Great Britain
Federation of International Polo Polo England England
International Orienteering Federation Orienteering Macau Macau, China As Great Britain
International Life Saving Federation Lifesaving Macau Macau, China, Faroe Islands Faroe Islands As Great Britain
World Skate Roller sports Macau Macau, China As Great Britain
International Federation of Muaythai Associations Muay Thai Macau Macau, China, French Polynesia Tahiti As Great Britain
World Lacrosse Lacrosse Catalonia Catalonia, Curaçao Curaçao, Iroquois Haudenosaunee, Macau Macau, China, England England, Scotland Scotland, Wales Wales
International Floorball Federation Floorball Macau Macau, China As Great Britain
World Flying Disc Federation Flying Disc Macau Macau, China As Great Britain
International Bowling Federation Bowling Catalonia Catalonia, Macau Macau, China, Jersey Jersey, Gibraltar Gibraltar, Northern Mariana Islands Northern Mariana Islands, Curaçao Curaçao United Kingdom Great Britain, Scotland Scotland, Wales Wales, Northern Ireland Northern Ireland
World Karate Federation Karate Macau Macau, China, Martinique Martinique, New Caledonia New Caledonia, French Polynesia Tahiti, Wallis and Futuna Wallis and Futuna, Curaçao Curaçao Great Britain is full member, but Home Nations participate separately as England England, Scotland Scotland, Wales Wales, Northern Ireland Northern Ireland
World Bridge Federation Contract bridge Faroe Islands Faroe Islands, Macau Macau, China, Réunion Reunion, Martinique Martinique, Guadeloupe Guadeloupe England England, Scotland Scotland, Wales Wales
International Federation Icestocksport ice stock sport As Great Britain
International Waterski & Wakeboard Federation (3-Event Waterskiing), Wakeboard, Barefoot, Show Skiing, Cable Wakeboard, Cableski, Ski Racing, and Disabled Skiing As Great Britain
World Association of Kickboxing Organizations Kickboxing Macau Macau, China As Great Britain
Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme Motorcycle racing Macau Macau, China As Great Britain
FIDE Chess Faroe Islands Faroe Islands, Macau Macau, China, Curaçao Netherlands Antilles, Guernsey Guernsey, Jersey Jersey, Isle of Man Isle of Man England England, Scotland Scotland, Wales Wales
International Racquetball Federation Racquetball Catalonia Catalonia, Northern Mariana Islands Saipan England England
Fédération Internationale de Sambo Sambo As Great Britain
International Ski Mountaineering Federation Ski Mountaineering As Great Britain
International Climbing and Mountaineering Federation Climbing and Mountaineering As Great Britain
International Sumo Federation Sumo As Great Britain
International Cricket Council Cricket  West Indies,  Ireland, Isle of Man Isle of Man, Jersey Jersey, Guernsey Guernsey, Gibraltar Gibraltar, Saint Helena Saint Helena,Faroe Islands Faroe Islands, Turks and Caicos Islands Turks and Caicos Islands, Falkland Islands Falkland Islands Nevis Nevis, Anguilla Anguilla, Montserrat Montserrat, Sint Maarten Sint Maarten England England, Scotland Scotland

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Designated as Chinese Taipei by the IOC.

References

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Citations

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  1. ^ "National Olympic Committees". International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 1 August 2022. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
  2. ^ "Palestine". International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 27 November 2022. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
  3. ^ "Kosovo". International Olympic Committee.
  4. ^ "Chinese Taipei". International Olympic Committee.
  5. ^ "Cook Islands". International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
  6. ^ "American Samoa". International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 29 July 2024. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
  7. ^ "Guam". Archived from the original on 9 February 2023. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
  8. ^ "Puerto Rico". International Olympic Committee.
  9. ^ "Virgin Islands, US". International Olympic Committee.
  10. ^ "Bermuda". International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 2 February 2023. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
  11. ^ "Virgin Islands, British". International Olympic Committee.
  12. ^ "Cayman Islands". International Olympic Committee.
  13. ^ "Aruba". International Olympic Committee.
  14. ^ "Hong Kong, China". International Olympic Committee.
  15. ^ a b "Overseas Territories (3rd February 2012)". Publications.parliament.uk. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
  16. ^ "Faroe Islands". International Paralympic Committee. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
  17. ^ "Macao, China". International Paralympic Committee. Archived from the original on 27 November 2020. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
  18. ^ "Status of Treaties – Niue". United Nations Treaty Collection. 2 December 1975. Archived from the original on 10 June 2020. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
  19. ^ "Niue". insidethegames.biz. 30 October 2012. Archived from the original on 29 October 2023. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
  20. ^ "127th IOC Session comes to close in Monaco". International Olympic Committee. 9 December 2014. Archived from the original on 4 January 2015. Retrieved 6 August 2016. The NOC of Kosovo met the requirements for recognition as outlined in the Olympic Charter. These include the sport and technical requirements as well as the definition of "country" as defined in Rule 30.1 – "an independent State recognised by the international community". Kosovo is recognised as a country by 108 of the 193 UN Member States.
  21. ^ "Executive Board concludes first meeting of the new year". olympic.org ("Official website of the Olympic movement"). 13 January 2011. Archived from the original on 14 April 2020. Retrieved 13 January 2011.
  22. ^ "Curtain comes down on 123rd IOC Session". Olympic.org. Archived from the original on 3 August 2012. Retrieved 20 July 2011.
  23. ^ "Belize - National Olympic Committee (NOC)". 27 July 2021. Archived from the original on 19 October 2018. Retrieved 7 June 2020.
  24. ^ "Seychelles Olympic and Commonwealth Games Association: ANOC". Archived from the original on 8 September 2024. Retrieved 7 June 2020.
  25. ^ https://olympics.com/ioc/people-s-republic-of-china Archived 29 July 2024 at the Wayback Machine [bare URL]
  26. ^ https://olympics.com/ioc/hong-kong-china Archived 6 December 2022 at the Wayback Machine [bare URL]
  27. ^ https://olympics.com/ioc/chinese-taipei Archived 7 December 2022 at the Wayback Machine [bare URL]
  28. ^ Czechia Olympics.com
  29. ^ Türkiye Olympics.com
  30. ^ "IOC Executive Board suspends Russian Olympic Committee with immediate effect". Archived from the original on 20 December 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
  31. ^ The OCA includes 45 NOCs; the Macau Sports and Olympic Committee is not recognized by the IOC and Macau does not compete at the Olympic Games.
  32. ^ "For the Faroe Islands, Paralympics offer rare chance to wave the flag on global stage". The Japan Times. 25 August 2021. Archived from the original on 24 December 2022. Retrieved 27 November 2021.
  33. ^ Hargreaves, John (2000). Freedom for Catalonia? : Catalan nationalism, Spanish identity and the Barcelona Olympic Games ([Online-Ausg.]. ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521586153.
  34. ^ "andalucia.com". andalucia.com. Archived from the original on 18 December 2017. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
  35. ^ "Full Page – Niue Island Sports Association and National Olympic Committee – FOX SPORTS PULSE". Sportingpulse.com. Archived from the original on 2 July 2013. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
  36. ^ "New Caledonia National Olympic Committee". SportingPulse. Archived from the original on 2 July 2013. Retrieved 16 August 2010.
  37. ^ a b c d e f "Centro Caribe Sports Members". Centro Caribe Sports. Archived from the original on 21 August 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
  38. ^ "ODESUR CON's". ODESUR. Archived from the original on 21 June 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
  39. ^ a b c d e f g "CANOC Members". canoc.net. Retrieved 26 October 2023.[permanent dead link]
  40. ^ "Display Article". Kurdishglobe.net. 16 January 2010. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 16 August 2010.
  41. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 October 2020. Retrieved 10 October 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)[dead link]
  42. ^ "Turkish Cypriots denied access to London Olympics 2012". Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 6 March 2015.
  43. ^ "Website ka wasaaradda Dhalinyaradda Iyo Ciyaaraha Somaliland - Homepage". Somalilandolympics.org. 18 January 2010. Archived from the original on 18 June 2013. Retrieved 16 August 2010.
  44. ^ Smoltczyk, Alexander (27 August 2009). "The ABC Republic: Abkhazia Attempts to Invent Itself". Der Spiegel. Archived from the original on 26 May 2012. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
  45. ^ "Native Americans seek recognition". Nativevoices.org. 27 February 2006. Archived from the original on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 16 August 2010.
  46. ^ "Jim Thorpe's Sons Bolster Native American Olympic Dream : Fri, 10 Jul 2009 : eNewsChannels". Enewschannels.com. 10 July 2009. Archived from the original on 7 December 2014. Retrieved 16 August 2010.
  47. ^ "В Южной Осетии продолжат работу над созданием национального олимпийского комитета - Политика, выборы, власть - Новости - ИА REGNUM". Regnum.ru. Archived from the original on 19 February 2014. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
  48. ^ "Zanzibar loses membership in Caf U-turn". BBC Sport. Archived from the original on 23 October 2022. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
  49. ^ "Senior Challenge Cup - CECAFA FOOTBALL". 13 July 2014. Archived from the original on 8 September 2024. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
  50. ^ "Ethiopia score five against Zanzibar in CECAFA Senior Women's Championship".

Sources

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