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Drôme

Coordinates: 44°45′N 05°10′E / 44.750°N 5.167°E / 44.750; 5.167
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"Drome" redirects here. For the 1952 novel by John Martin Leahy, see Drome (novel). For the locality in Western Australia, see Drome, Western Australia.
For other uses, see Drôme (disambiguation).
Drôme
Droma (Occitan)
Drôma (Arpitan)
Department of France
Clockwise from top: a view of Buis-les-Baronnies, Valence Cathedral, lavender fields in the Vercors Massif, Crest
Flag of Drôme
Flag
Coat of arms of Drôme
Coat of arms
Location of Drôme in France
Location of Drôme in France
Coordinates: 44°45′N 05°10′E / 44.750°N 5.167°E / 44.750; 5.167
CountryFrance
RegionAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes
PrefectureValence
SubprefecturesDie
Nyons
Government
 • President of the Departmental CouncilMarie-Pierre Mouton[1] (LR)
Area
1
 • Total6,530 km2 (2,520 sq mi)
Population
 (2021)[2]
 • Total519,458
 • Rank52nd
 • Density80/km2 (210/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Department number26
Arrondissements3
Cantons19
Communes363
^1 French Land Register data, which exclude estuaries and lakes, ponds and glaciers larger than 1 km2

Drôme (French pronunciation: [dʁom] ⓘ; Occitan: Droma; Arpitan: Drôma) is the southernmost department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of Southeastern France. Named after the river Drôme, it had a population of 516,762 as of 2019.[3] Drôme's prefecture is Valence.

History

[edit]

Saint-Vallier in Drôme was the birthplace of one of France's most famous courtesans, the noble-born Diane de Poitiers (1499–1566), long-term mistress of King Henri II (1519–1559).

The French National Constituent Assembly set up Drôme as one of the original 83 departments of France on March 4, 1790, during the French Revolution. The territory formed part of the former French province of Dauphiné. The original Drôme department contained the exclave of Orange, which was also part of the former province of Dauphiné. In 1792, following the annexation of Comtat Venaissin, Drôme acquired the newly created district of Carpentras while Orange was ceded to Bouches du Rhône. In 1793, the district of Carpentras was ceded to the newly formed department of Vaucluse, giving the Drôme its modern-day borders.

Geography

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Drôme lies within the region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. Drôme is bordered by Ardèche to the west, Isère to the north and east, Hautes-Alpes to the east, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence to the southeast and Vaucluse to the south. The northwestern tip of the department is only 3 miles (5 km) from the Loire border.

The boundaries of the department have changed several times with the incorporation of the Comtat Venaissin in 1792 and the creation of the Vaucluse department in 1793. Drôme surrounds an exclave of the Vaucluse department, the Canton of Valréas (Enclave des Papes).

The commune of Montfroc forms a small salient which was surrounded by the department of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, which is similar to the small salients of Newmarket in Suffolk, Dieveniškės in Lithuania, Bogatynia in Poland, West Bengal and Sikkim in India, and the Wakhan Corridor in Afghanistan. It also the pene-exclave of the department.

The department contains 363 communes. The smallest commune in France, Rochefourchat, with a population only of one person, is in Drôme.[3]

Climate

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The Drôme department is in a zone of transition between the oceanic climate of Lyon, the continental climate to the north and the Mediterranean climate of Provence to the south. In the Rhône valley, the meeting of the mild humid southern Mediterranean air masses with the colder northern air mass sometimes causes particularly violent thunderstorms and snowstorms.

In the northern hills near Tain-l'Hermitage (15 km north of Valence), the climate is a mixture of oceanic and semi-continental climates. Rainfall occurs throughout the year with the most falling in spring and autumn. The summers are moderated by storms and the mistral does not blow hard. Saint-Donat-sur-l'Herbasse has a moderate temperature of 3 °C in January and 21 °C in July due to the Lyonnic climate, where more precipitation falls in summer than winter.

The influence of the mountains is evident in the east. In the Vercors Plateau, the mountain climate is wet due to the oceanic influences from the north. The average annual temperature at Lus la Croix Haute at altitude 1061m is 7.3 °C and the annual rainfall is 1,051 mm (41.4 in). The Diois (southern Vercors) and the Baronnies are dry regions due to the Mediterranean climate. The mistral is less influential here and this region has minimal rainfall. The lowest temperatures in January at Nyons is 0.3 °C but 1.4 °C at Pierrelatte.

The Valence plane is a transition zone between the Mediterranean influence and the northern cold climate. Summers are warmer than in the northern regions, and the increase in sunlight and heat is evident upon the appearance of Mediterranean vegetation in the region. The temperatures are moderate between Lyon and Montélimar. Valence's average temperature in January is 3.8 °C and 22 °C in July. The mistral here blows harder.

From Montélimar, the climate can be considered to be that of a Mediterranean climate. Near the highway, the change of vegetation is particularly visible near the stream at Donzère, particularly due to the change of the soil profile. The most southern part of the department clearly exhibits a Méso-Mediterranean climate with the reinforcement of the mistral and a hotter summer due to the rarity of storms. Most rainfall occurs in autumn and the winters are milder than the rest of the Drôme. Pierrelatte has an average temperature of 5 °C in January and 23 °C in July.

Demographics

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The inhabitants of the department are called Drômois.

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1791246,687—    
1801235,357−0.47%
1806253,502+1.50%
1821273,511+0.51%
1831299,556+0.91%
1841311,551+0.39%
1851326,846+0.48%
1861326,684−0.00%
1872320,417−0.18%
1881313,763−0.23%
1891306,419−0.24%
1901297,321−0.30%
1911290,894−0.22%
1921263,509−0.98%
YearPop.±% p.a.
1931267,080+0.13%
1936267,281+0.02%
1946268,233+0.04%
1954275,280+0.32%
1962304,227+1.26%
1968342,891+2.01%
1975361,847+0.77%
1982389,781+1.07%
1990414,072+0.76%
1999437,778+0.62%
2006468,367+0.97%
2011487,993+0.82%
2016508,006+0.81%
Sources:[4][5]

Principal towns

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The most populous commune, home to about 1/8 of the department's population, is Valence, the prefecture. As of 2019, there are six communes with more than 10,000 inhabitants:[3]

Commune Population (2019)
Valence 64,749
Montélimar 39,818
Romans-sur-Isère 33,098
Bourg-lès-Valence 19,792
Pierrelatte 13,510
Portes-lès-Valence 10,680

Economy

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Most of the economic activity of the Drôme department is located in the west of the department, along the Rhône valley. This area which contains most of the population of the department, also has accessible transportation, such as the A7 autoroute and the rail routes LGV Rhône-Alpes and LGV Méditerranée. Economic activity in Valence was boosted by the creation of the Valence TGV line in 2001.

Statistics

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  • Total employment (2004): 158 930 (about 10.6% is self-employed)
  • Unemployment rate (2006): 9.9%
  • Jobs per sector of activity (2005)
    • Agriculture: 6.0%
    • Industry: 20.4%
    • BTP: 6.8%
    • Commerce: 15.0%
    • Services: 51.8%
  • Qualification of Jobs (1999)
    • Farmers: 4.0%
    • CEO: 7.8%
    • Executives: 9.6%
    • Technicians and associate professionals: 23.0%
    • Employees: 27.2%
    • Labourers: 28.5%
  • Average annual salary (2004)
    • CEO: €53 113
    • Executives: €39 265
    • Technicians and associate professionals: €22 927
    • Employees: €15 688
    • Labourers: €16 344
    • Apprentices and labourers : €7 498

Tourism

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Main companies

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Main companies in 2002
Rank Company Revenue Headquarters Activity
1 Imaje 231 Million Euros Bourg-lès-Valence Industrial plant
2 Alain Manoukian 157 Million Euros Tain-l'Hermitage Moving company
3 Lafuma 154 Million Euros Anneyron Hiking equipment
4 Crouzet Automations 122 Million Euros Valence Automation systems
5 Spit 121 Million Euros Bourg-lès-Valence Metallic fixation systems

Politics

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The president of the Departmental Council is Marie-Pierre Mouton, elected in May 2017.

Party seats
• Socialist Party 9
Les Republicains 10
Union of Democrats and Independents 8
• Miscellaneous Left 6
Miscellaneous Right 4
MoDem 0
• The Greens 0
• Left Radical Party 1
• French Communist Party 0

Current National Assembly Representatives

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Constituency Member[7] Party
Drôme's 1st constituency Mireille Clapot Renaissance
Drôme's 2nd constituency Lisette Pollet RN
Drôme's 3rd constituency Marie Pochon EELV
Drôme's 4th constituency Emmanuelle Anthoine The Republicans

Tourism

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Sport activities in Drôme include:

  • in winter: skiing, cross-country skiing, snow-shoeing
  • in summer: excursions, mountain biking in the mountainous area

The Drôme River is also a great place to practice canoëing and kayaking. In the spring the water flow allows for rafting. The Saoü Forest is known for its climbing paths.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Répertoire national des élus: les conseillers départementaux". data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises (in French). 4 May 2022.
  2. ^ "Téléchargement du fichier d'ensemble des populations légales en 2021" (in French). The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 28 December 2023.
  3. ^ a b c Populations légales 2019: 26 Drôme, INSEE
  4. ^ "Historique de la Drôme". Le SPLAF.
  5. ^ "Évolution et structure de la population en 2016". INSEE.
  6. ^ "Chiffres clés tourisme et attractivité 2022" (PDF). La Drôme Tourisme. 2023. Retrieved November 9, 2023.
  7. ^ Nationale, Assemblée. "Assemblée nationale ~ Les députés, le vote de la loi, le Parlement français". Assemblée nationale.
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