Jump to content

Vespertine

This is a good article. Click here for more information.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For the term used in reference to phenomena observed during the evening hours, see Vespertine (biology).
For the restaurant in Culver City, California, see Vespertine (restaurant).

Vespertine
Studio album by
Björk
Released18 August 2001
Recorded1999–2001
Studio
  • El Cortijo, (San Pedro de Alcántara, Spain)
  • Olympic, (London, UK)
  • Avatar, (New York City)
  • Master Sound Astoria, (New York City)
  • Quad, (New York City)
  • Sear Sound, (New York City)
  • Magic Shop, (New York City)
  • The Loft on Lafayette Street, (New York City)
  • Looking Glass, (New York City)
  • Greenhouse, (Reykjavík, Iceland)
  • Thule, (Reykjavík, Iceland)
Genre
Length55:39
Label
Producer
Björk chronology
Selmasongs
(2000) 		Vespertine
(2001) 		Greatest Hits
(2002)
Singles from Vespertine
  1. "Hidden Place"
    Released: 30 July 2001
  2. "Pagan Poetry"
    Released: 5 November 2001
  3. "Cocoon"
    Released: 11 March 2002

Vespertine is the fourth studio album by Icelandic recording artist Björk.[nb 1] It was first released on 18 August 2001 in Japan[5] by One Little Indian Records and in the United States by Elektra Entertainment. Björk aspired to create an album with minimal and intricate electronic music to evoke an intimate and domestic feeling, in contrast with the louder styles of her previous studio album Homogenic (1997). She enlisted producers such as Opiate, Console and the duo Matmos, and has also worked with harpist Zeena Parkins. Production on the album began whilst filming her role in Dancer in the Dark.

Björk composed arrangements with thin-sounding instruments, including the harp, the celesta, clavichord, strings and custom music boxes. Assisted by Matmos, Björk created "microbeats" from various commonplace sounds, such as that of shuffling cards and ice being cracked. Lyrically, the album drew inspiration from Björk's new relationship with Matthew Barney, exploring themes related to sex, intimacy, eroticism, and love. Other lyrical sources include the poetry of E. E. Cummings and British playwright Sarah Kane's Crave. Three singles were released from Vespertine: "Hidden Place", "Pagan Poetry", and "Cocoon". The music videos of the latter two were banned on MTV for their depictions of sexuality. Björk embarked on the Vespertine world tour with Parkins, Matmos, and a choir of Inuit women, where they performed at theatres and small venues in favor of acoustics.

The album peaked at number 19 on the US Billboard 200 selling 75,000 copies in its first week[6] and at number 8 on the UK Albums Chart. It was certified gold in Canada, France, and the United Kingdom. Noted for its erotic, intimate mood and sonic experimentation, Vespertine received universal acclaim from music critics, with some considering it Björk's best album to date. The album appeared on several publications' lists of the best albums of 2001 and of the decade, and has been evaluated by many critics to be one of the best albums of all time.

Conceptualisation

[edit]

Björk had released her previous studio album, Homogenic, in 1997. The album's style differed from her previous two releases, described by her as "very emotionally confrontational and [...] very dramatic".[7] She also described "All Is Full of Love"—Homogenic's closing track—as the first song on Vespertine, as it opposed the rest of the album's "aggressive, macho" aesthetic.[8] Writer and critic Mark Pytlik writes, "Her appetite for thumping techno had been, temporarily at least, subsumed by a desire for stark melodies and minimalist production".[9] In 2000, she starred in Lars von Trier's Dancer in the Dark, and composed its soundtrack, Selmasongs.[10] While she worked on the film, she also began producing her next album, writing new music, and teaming with new collaborators. She has said "Selmasongs was the day job and Vespertine was the hobby".[11] During this time, she also began to use her new laptop to write music, and Vespertine has been retrospectively referred to as "her laptop album".[12][13]

"Domestica"
Sample of the song Domestika, which was part of Björk's initial album concept about everyday life.
Problems playing this file? See media help.

She initially set about making a record with a domestic mood featuring "everyday moods and everyday noises translating into melodies and beats",[9] hence its working title Domestika.[2] Marius de Vries told Sound on Sound that the project was driven by an "overriding aesthetic of being homely and comfortable", which had "all to do with Björk wanting to make a record as a reaction to the wanderings and the pain she experienced making Dancer in the Dark… [and coming back] after you've wandered."[14] Björk's initial idea was also to "celebrat[e] the banalities of everyday life."[15] For example, the title track "Domestica", originally titled "Lost Keys", was meant to be a "gentle, humorous snapshot" of Björk looking for her keys.[15]

Her new relationship with artist Matthew Barney, and the tension while filming Dancer in the Dark, have been referred to as the two major forces that shaped what would become Vespertine.[2] Her relationship with Barney influenced her lyrics, which were now more intimate, detailed, and revealing as opposed to those of her past works.[16] A particular example is "Cocoon", which is sexually explicit.[11] As the process of filming demanded that she be extroverted, the new music she was creating became hushed and tranquil as a way to escape.[2]

The eventual title change of the record reveals its changing nature. Writer and critic Mark Pytlik notes that, "where [Domestika] signified a focus of extracting magic from the platitudes of everyday life, [Vespertine] [...] suggested a creation of magic through much more powerful forces. In fine style, Björk had set out to write an album about making sandwiches.[nb 2] She'd ended up with an album about making love".[16] A stylistic antecedent was her poem "Techno Prayer", published in Details magazine in July 1996, which would later be used as part of the lyrics of "All Neon Like". It featured thematic ideas such as cocooning and thread-weaving that she would later explore on Vespertine.[17]

Recording

[edit]

The earliest sessions took place in Spain with programmer Jake Davies.[14] Björk commissioned Valgeir Sigurðsson to relocate some of his studio equipment from Iceland to Denmark where Dancer in the Dark was being filmed.[2] While living in Copenhagen, she also contacted the electronic musician Thomas Knak (also known as Opiate), after having enjoyed his 1999 album Objects for an Ideal Home.[18]

In Iceland, programmers Jake Davies and Marius de Vries joined Björk for a writing session, laying down more tracks, in addition to nine already mixed.[1] Then, she "set up camp [...] during summer" in a New York City loft, and began to work with harpist Zeena Parkins.[1] Much of Vespertine was "composed, crafted and edited" in that loft, in what has been called the "Domestika sessions".[1] Some tracks were recorded as an overdub "on top of a slave mixdown" of the Spanish sessions.[14]

"Undo" was written during a two-week session with Knak that January in Reykjavík. Björk recorded her vocals on top of Knak's minimalist rhythmic backbone, and months later she had added a full choir and string section.[19][20] "Cocoon", also produced by Knak, was one of the last songs to be written for the album; its melody suddenly came to Björk and she contacted him.[20] Knak took it as a chance to make a more minimal track, similar to his own releases.[20]

"Heirloom" was based on an existing instrumental track from electronic musician Console's album Rocket in the Pocket (1998), titled "Crabcraft" (which itself samples Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark's "Sacred Heart").[21] Björk contacted Console in early 2000 and they met in London; she then added her vocals on top.[19] During this period, Björk also worked with Bogdan Raczynski on the song "Who Is It", but it did not make the final cut and was subsequently re-recorded for the album Medúlla.[20] Björk said that she worked on Vespertine for three years.[22]

Instrumentation

[edit]

As she wanted to write her own songs on music boxes, Björk contacted a music box company requesting transparent acrylic boxes because she wanted the sound to be "as hard as possible, like it was frozen".[23] Björk decided to use sounds that would not be compromised when downloaded from sites such as Napster, such as "microbeat[s]", whispered vocals, the harp, music box, celeste, clavichord, and strings which "ended up being more panoramic textures in the background."[12] For the string and music box arrangements, she used Sibelius scorewriter software.[24]

For Vespertine, Björk wanted to make a "microcosmos of thirty or forty beats interacting".[25] To do this, she recorded noises around her house to make beats out of them. Once the songs were almost finished, Björk contacted the duo Matmos, who she considered "virtuosos" in the field, and sent them various songs to work with.[25] They added beats made from the noise of crushing ice and shuffling cards, among others. In her documentary Minuscule, Björk explained that this process consisted of "taking something very tiny and magnifying it up to big", intending to convey the "sensation that you've been told a secret", that is also present in micrographs.[25] Marius de Vries and Björk did much of the sound design on Vespertine with a text-based synthesizer called SuperCollider. De Vries said that typing in commands as opposed to using knobs, "take[s] you in surprising directions."[14] Additionally, Knak used an Ensoniq ASR-10, for "Cocoon".[20]

Composition

[edit]

"The Björkian soundfield is much as it always is: skittering rhythms, warm keyboard tones, discreet "laptronic" pulses, plinking harps and swooshing strings, a general meshing of organic and synthetic textures. But her unique sonic palette is harnessed here in the service of hushed awe: womblike intimacy and occasional ecstasy."

— Wondering Sound describing the sound of Vespertine.[26]

Björk has stated that she wanted the album to sound like "modern chamber music", referring to the times where "the most ideal music situation was in the home, where people would play harps for each other".[27][28] She also considers Vespertine to be the opposite of her previous studio album Homogenic, the former being an introverted, quiet, winter record; the latter a loud, dramatic, summer record.[7] Björk has also described the album as "more electronic folk music".[9]

Critics have classified Vespertine as electronica,[29] art pop,[29] psychedelia,[30][31] ambient,[32][33] trip-hop,[34] folktronica,[35] and glitch pop.[36][37] Music journalists have also noted the experimental nature of the record.[38][39] The Orlando Weekly wrote that with the album, Björk "[took] her modernist art-pop further into the abstract".[40] According to Joseph Hale of Tiny Mix Tapes, described Vespertine's music as a combination of "psychedelic techno, chamber music, and chorale together into modal constructions that swelled and receded like emotions (or psylocibin)".[41] David Fricke of Rolling Stone wrote "Vespertine is the closest any pop-vocal album has come to the luxuriant Zen of the new minimalist techno".[34] Björk's performance on Vespertine has been described as that of an "art-rock torch singer".[42]

Stylistically, Vespertine incorporates elements of both art and dance music.[43] For example, the instrumentation of choir, strings, and harp is suggestive of Romantic art music, while the "synthesised keyboard sonorities, filtering effects and complex percussive sounds" are elements characteristic of dance-based pop.[43] Academic Nicola Dibben wrote that its "classical and dance-based elements" combine "the spiritual and the sensual" allusions of the album.[43]

Vespertine is also characterised by "the obsession with sonic traces of analog technology – that is, the pervasive use of loops, static and white noise".[44] Unlike previous albums like Debut and Post, "electronic sounds are the norm, and the acoustic sounds become the interjections."[44] Influenced by the 1999 album New Ancient Strings, a recording of kora duets by Toumani Diabaté with Ballaké Sissoko,[nb 3] Björk said she "messed up the sound of too angelic instruments, like the harp or the glockenspiel" on Vespertine.[46] Björk's voice is used as a supplement to "the complex electronic textures".[44] Her vocals often appear to be recorded close to the microphone and with little treatment, and sung in a sometimes "unstable whisper", conveying a sense of close proximity and reduced space suitable for the intimate lyrics.[47]

Songs

[edit]

Tracks 1-6

[edit]
"Hidden Place"
Written and produced by Björk, "Hidden Place" features "sweeping string arrangements and a musique concrète percussion style", a representative of the album's sound.[48]
Problems playing this file? See media help.

The album opens with "Hidden Place", which features a soprano section and strings, "over the top of a warm, intimate melody".[49] Michael Hubbard of musicOMH felt the track was reminiscent of Homogenic's "Hunter", but less focused on the beats.[49] NME called it progressive folk,[50] while Drowned in Sound wrote it was electro.[51] Björk sings about "how two people can create a paradise just by uniting", as she intones: "I'm so close to tears/And so close to/Simply calling you up/And simply suggesting/We go to that hidden place".[52] "Cocoon" is "based around an exploratory bassline and beats that sound like fingertips on skin".[53] Discussing the glitch nature of the track, Björk said, "when you take technology and use the areas where it breaks, where it's faulty, you're entering a mystery zone where you can't control it".[54] Lyrically revolving around making love, the song alternates between metaphors like "Who would have known/That a boy like him/Would have entered me lightly/Restoring my blisses", and explicit lines such as "He slides inside/Half awake, half asleep" and "Gorgeousness/He's still inside me".[53] Björk sings a breathy, "whispered, near-cracking falsetto" on the track.[53]

"It's Not Up to You" has been described as a "dizzying ballad" and a song that lifts the album upward.[55] Michael Paoletta of Billboard described the track as "melancholy".[52] Its lyrics are about "love for the unknown devices that culminate in 'perfect days'",[56] and "pleas to find beauty in unlikely places".[57] The "caressing lyrics" of "Undo" assure that: "It's not meant to be a strife/It's not meant to be a struggle uphill".[58] Biographer Mark Pytlik wrote that "Undo" is "a reassuring reminder that anything can happen once you let it. If you are in pain, undo it, Björk suggests, no hint of disingenuousness in her voice, over climbing strings and a rising choir".[59] "Pagan Poetry" is a "harp-splashed" song that concerns unrequited love.[52][60] The track builds slowly, "with Björk wailing over swelling keyboard crescendos", until, at the four-minute mark, "all the music drops away, leaving Björk utterly exposed" as she sings "I love him, I love him/I love him, I love him/I love him, I love him".[61] The song also features "a flotilla of music boxes with an Asian-teahouse touch".[34] The instrumental interlude "Frosti" has been described as "metallic tundra".[62] Its sound stems from a music box,[63] creating an intimate, fairy tale-like effect.[38]

Tracks 7-12

[edit]

"Frosti" fades into "Aurora", while "a warm, faintly crunchy sound" is heard.[64] These are samples of footsteps in the snow—the work of Matmos—re-appropriated as the song's "subtly shifting beat".[64] "Aurora" has been described as "something that appeals to a child-like imagination", and having a "magical and airy quality".[65] In the lyrics, she addresses a Nature goddess,[65] and sings about "literally dissolving with pleasure" as she "prays to become one with… the northern lights".[34] One of Björk's broodiest compositions, "An Echo, a Stain" is underpinned by a creeping choir line and nibbling clicks, and features an "unresolved, ominous tension" that is atypical of her writing style.[66] Most of the song's lyrics speak directly to incidents in Sarah Kane's 1998 dark-themed play Crave, so much so that it was titled "Crave" up to the last minute.[66] "Sun in My Mouth" is an adaptation of E. E. Cummings' poem "I will wade out/Till my thighs are steeped in burning flowers", with an emphasis on the vocal and accompaniment provided by a string orchestra, a harp, and soft electronica.[32] The track's lyrics have been considered a "startling allusion to masturbation", positioned "within the fantasy-like imagery of burning flowers, sea-girls, darkness and the sun".[65]

"Heirloom" alters "between what sounds like a samba preset on a vintage Wurlitzer organ and skittering breakbeats, and is decorated with inverted synthtones and analog keyboards".[67] The song's lyrics tell a "fuzzy story" about a recurring dream,[52] while "[likening] the art of singing to swallowing and exhaling 'glowing lights'" as Björk sings: "During the night/They do a trapeze walk/Until they're in the sky/Right above my bed".[34] Film director Harmony Korine wrote "Harm of Will"'s lyrics. The Slate album review noted the minimalist nature of the track, pointing out a lack of hook, beat and melody.[68] It is a slow song, as is the closing track, "Unison".[69] The latter "[contains] a refrain directly inspired by [Björk's] experience in Dancer in the Dark and a healthy dollop of self-effacing humor evoked to counter the balance".[59] It "brings beats and strings together in a final crescendo that also manages to incorporate a little jungle".[70]

Artwork

[edit]
See also: Swan dress of Björk
Björk wearing her swan dress at the 73rd Academy Awards
Vespertine's artwork and promotion had been compared to the mythical story of Leda and the Swan

The album's ethereal artwork mirrors its "delicacy and introverted romance".[71] The cover art, shot by Inez van Lamsweerde and Vinoodh Matadin in Los Angeles, California, is a black and white photograph of Björk lying down on the patterned ground next to a swimming pool, covering her eyes from the sun and wearing the Marjan Pejoski swan dress that she wore at the 73rd Academy Awards in 2001,[nb 4] which caused a media frenzy and was widely criticised.[72][73]

The duo M/M (Paris), known for applying and integrating their work on photographs (so called dessin dans l'image, or "drawings in the picture"),[74] illustrated the cover, featuring a swan and the album's title with feathers. Björk thought swans embodied Vespertine's music, describing them as "a white, sort of winter bird" and "very romantic".[75] Vespertine came with a booklet of M/M (Paris) artwork.[76] Michael Hubbard of musicOMH commented, "the spine of the CD is entirely white, while the rest of the sleeve features innovative photography and artwork".[49] Academic Nicola Dibben has likened Vespertine's artwork and promotion to representations of the Greek myth of Leda and the Swan, emphazising the erotic overtones of both.[43]

Release and promotion

[edit]
Björk performing during the Vespertine world tour at New York's Radio City Music Hall.

Vespertine was released later than One Little Indian Records had intended. Originally, the album's release was scheduled for May, but by March it had been put back to August, so as to enable Björk to work on the album's promotion.[77] On 22 May 2001, Björk premiered six songs off the new album in an intimate concert at the Riverside Church in New York City, accompanied by Matmos and Zeena Parkins.[78] Vespertine was released on 27 August,[79] as a double 12" record, CD and compact cassette.[80] To coincide with the release of the album, Björk also released an eponymously titled coffee table book, created by her and edited and designed by M/M (Paris).[81] A second single, Towards the end of 2001, Vespertine was released as a DVD-Audio.[82] The music videos for "Hidden Place", "Pagan Poetry" and "Cocoon" were included in the DVDs Volumen Plus (2002) and Greatest Hits – Volumen 1993–2003 (2002).[83][84]

Appearances

[edit]

Together, Elektra, and New York-based independent marketing firm Drill Team, created the Björk Vespertine Syndicate (BVS), a group of 30-plus websites that had exclusive access to non-album tracks, music videos, and concert/rehearsal footage.[60] To promote the album, Björk appeared in various magazines in mid-2001, including: The Fader, Q, Pulse, URB, USA Today, InStyle, Vibe, Us, Nylon, Index, CMJ New Music Monthly and, Spin.[85] Magazines Dazed & Confused and Les Inrockuptibles featured a special issue with texts, photographs, and different CDs issued randomly, each with a different song from the album.[86] The Times issued a Björk special, featuring videos, music, photographs, and a competition to see Björk perform.[87] She also appeared on several TV shows, including: The Rosie O'Donnell Show, The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, Space Ghost Coast to Coast, The David Letterman Show and, Charlie Rose, among others.[88][89]

Singles

[edit]

Hidden Place

[edit]

On 6 August 2001, "Hidden Place" was released as the album's lead single, its music video having premiered in July.[90] It was released as two CDs and a DVD, featuring B-sides "Generous Palmstroke", "Foot Soldier", "Mother Heroic" and "Verandi".[91]

The music video for "Hidden Place" was directed by Inez van Lamsweerde and Vinoodh Matadin and co-directed by M/M (Paris). It was shot in London over four days in February 2001.[1] It was originally planned for a song from Selmasongs, but Björk felt the project was more appropriate for Vespertine.[92] The video consists of close-up shots panning around Björk's face, as fluids flow in and out of her facial orifices. M/M (Paris) said that they "wanted to get as close to her as we could, as we all felt she had never been portrayed as the 'real' and beautiful woman she is.", and that the fluids in the video "visualiz[e] all possible emotions pulsating and circulating in her very busy brain.[92]

Pagan Poetry

[edit]
The controversial music video for "Pagan Poetry", directed by Nick Knight, features highly stylised images of unsimulated sex, going in hand with Vespertine's central theme of eroticism and intimacy.

"Pagan Poetry", was released on 5 November 2001 as two CDs and a DVD, featuring a remix by Matthew Herbert, "Domestica", "Batabid", an Opiate remix of "Aurora", and the music video for "Pagan Poetry".[93][94]

Nick Knight, who had previously shot the cover art for Homogenic, directed the music video for "Pagan Poetry".[95] It is about a woman preparing herself for marriage and for her lover, as she sews a wedding dress onto her skin. As she had asked him to make a video about her love life, Knight gave Björk a camcorder and asked her to shoot her own private scenes.[96] Shots of skin being pierced were also recorded with this camera; the people being pierced were five women who "were into subculture and piercings" and Björk herself, who only pierced her ear.[96] This first two-thirds of the video contains a great deal of post-production by Peter Marin, who gave the image its abstract watercolor-like effect. The shots of Björk with her Alexander McQueen topless wedding dress were filmed in super 35 format. The main idea behind the music video was: "to do something with the moving image that was a mirror of what was happening musically".[96] Although the music video has been well received by critics, it was highly controversial and banned from MTV in 2001.[97][98]

Cocoon

[edit]

"Cocoon", the album's third single, was released on 11 March 2002. Its music video had premiered in February.[99] Once again, the single was released as two separate CDs and a DVD, with "Pagan Poetry", "Sun in My Mouth" and "Amphibian" as B-sides.[100]

The music video for "Cocoon" was directed by Eiko Ishioka and was shot in April 2001 in New York City.[1] One of Björk's most avant-garde music videos, it: "plays with minimalist white for both costume and bleached eyebrows, treating Björk as a geisha whose makeup extends over her entire nude body".[101] Red threads emerge from her nipples and circulate between her breasts and nose, finally enveloping her in a cocoon.[101] Björk actually wore a very close-fitting body suit.[102] Although not as controversial as the "Pagan Poetry" music video, it was still banned from MTV.[103]

Tour

[edit]
See also: Vespertine world tour
Fauna illustrations by Ernst Haeckel, were used as a backdrop during the tour.

In early August 2001, Björk confirmed the first set of dates for the Vespertine world tour which would take place at opera houses, theatres, and small venues, with favourable acoustics for the concerts.[104] She enlisted Matmos, Zeena Parkins, a choir of Inuit girls from Greenland, and conductor Simon Lee;[25] Visually, fauna illustrations by Ernst Haeckel were used as a backdrop during the tour.[105][106]

The tour opened at the Grand Rex in Paris on 18 August.[60] While in Paris, she held a press conference to discuss the album but gave no individual interviews saying that: "she'd rather do music than talk about it."[107] While in France she also received the National Order of Merit at the Ministry of National Education in Paris.[108] Another press conference was held in Barcelona on 3 November 2001 while touring in Spain.[109]

A 16 December 2001 performance at the Royal Opera House in London was released as the DVD Live at Royal Opera House in 2002.[105] A DVD release featuring a behind-the-scenes look at the tour, titled Minuscule, was released at the end of 2003.[25] Vespertine Live, a live album consisting of songs recorded during the Vespertine world tour, was included in the 2003 box set Live Box; it also includes a live version of "All Is Full of Love", a song from Homogenic and "Overture" from Selmasongs.[110]

Commercial performance

[edit]

Vespertine debuted at #19 on the Billboard 200 chart, selling 75,000 units in its first week, becoming her career peak in sales.[111] It also debuted upon the top spot on the Top Electronic Albums chart, staying there for 3 weeks.[112] One Little Indian head Derek Birket declaring that the album had sold over 1.2 million copies in Europe alone.[113] That month, the album also became number one on the album charts in Iceland, Sweden, Denmark, France, Norway,[114] and the European Top 100 Albums chart.[115] In addition, Vespertine charted in the top 10 of Canada, Italy, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, Finland, Belgium, Switzerland, Sweden, Austria and Australia.[116][117][118][119] The album has been certified Gold in Canada, France, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.

Lead single "Hidden Place" reached the top spot of the singles charts in Spain,[120] also charting in the top 40 in the United Kingdom,[121] Canada,[122] Italy, Denmark, Norway, Finland, Belgium and France.[123] Following release "Pagan Poetry" also performed well in Spain, while entering the French chart at number 49 and the UK chart at number 38.[120][121][124] "Cocoon" performed more poorly, charting at number 61 in France and number 35 in the United Kingdom.[121][125]

Critical reception

[edit]
Professional ratings
Aggregate scores
SourceRating
Metacritic88/100[126]
Review scores
SourceRating
AllMusic[38]
Entertainment WeeklyB+[127]
The Guardian[128]
Los Angeles Times[129]
NME8/10[130]
Pitchfork7.2/10[67]
Q[131]
Rolling Stone[34]
The Rolling Stone Album Guide[132]
The Village VoiceA−[133]

Upon release, Vespertine received universal acclaim from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalised rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 88, based on 28 reviews.[126] Various writers including David Fricke and Simon Reynolds named Vespertine Björk's best album to date.[34][134][135][136][137] The album received some praise for its themes of intimacy and introversion,[38][52] with Anthony Carew from About.com writing: "What makes Vespertine even more intriguing is the way that it marries its musical ambitions to its thematic emotions… And what makes it great… is the purity and intimacy of its feelings."[135] Fricke and musicOMH's Michael Hubbard have both noted that the singer had shown a more mature side of her.[34][49] The A.V. Club's Keith Phipps found it to be: "an album both timeless and of the moment, an avant-garde electronic-pop exploration of classic themes".[134] In a later review for The New Rolling Stone Album Guide, Douglas Wolk described the album as "a banquet in the hall of Björk's personal erotics" and stated that "it's not the stuff of radio hits, but the music is spectacular".[132]

An enthusiastic review came from The Wire, which felt that: "In the end, Vespertine commits its magic by daring to go places more obvious and more human than one would have ever expected."[56] Calling it "one of the most impressive and cohesive" albums of the year, Tiny Mix Tapes found Vespertine to be Björk's most effective use of the studio as an instrument.[138] Chris Smith of Stylus Magazine praised the album for its nuance and delicacy, describing its sonic palette as "a breath of fresh air."[33] Additionally, Vespertine was thought to have challenged gender roles in rock music and in sexuality.[65][136]

Q also praised the album, stating that it "quietly proves that cutting-edge production and human contact aren't mutually exclusive."[131] American music journalist Robert Christgau enjoyed the album's central theme of sex and wrote: "when she gets all soprano on your ass you could accuse her of spirituality".[133] A more lukewarm review came from Pitchfork's Ryan Schreiber, who felt that: "while undeniably beautiful, Vespertine fails to give electronic music the forward push it received on Björk's preceding albums".[67] David Browne of Entertainment Weekly said "her lyrics occasionally dive into the deep end" and "her voice is at times stiff", although he also wrote "when it all comes together, [...] Björk and her electronica collaborators create moving interplanetary chorals".[127] Almost Cool wrote: "if there's one question to be raised with the album, it's that it's all simply so lush and nice that on some levels it fails to excite".[139]

In a 2015 interview with The Pitchfork Review, Björk said that her work on Vespertine was not fully acknowledged by press,[140] she further added, "Matmos came in the last two weeks and added percussion on top of the songs, but they didn't do any of the main parts, and they are credited everywhere as having done the whole album.".[22]

Accolades

[edit]

In 2002, Vespertine was nominated for the Shortlist Music Prize, though the award went to In Search of... by N.E.R.D.[141] The same year, the album received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Alternative Album, losing to Coldplay's Parachutes.[142] In addition, Björk was nominated for Best International Female Solo Artist at the Brit Awards,[143] and Best International Female Artist at the Italian Music Awards,[144] while Vespertine was nominated for Album of the Year at the Icelandic Music Awards.[145]

Critics' lists
Publication Country Accolade Year Rank
Christophe Brault France Top 20 Albums by Year 1964–2004[citation needed] 2006 9
Fnac The 1000 Best Albums of All Time[citation needed] 2008 561
Les Inrockuptibles Albums of the Year[citation needed] 2001 5
Heineken Spain Top 50 International Albums of the 2000s[citation needed] 2009 13
Jenesaispop Top 100 Albums of the 2000s[citation needed] 2010 80
Mondo Sonoro Albums of the Year[citation needed] 2001 6
Muzikalia Top 62 Albums of the 2000s[citation needed] 2009 *
PlayGround Top 200 Albums of the 2000s[citation needed] 20
Rockdelux Albums of the Year[citation needed] 2001 10
Top 100 International Albums of the 2000s[citation needed] 2009 45
The 300 (+200) Best Albums from 1984 to 2014[citation needed] 2014 301
Drowned in Sound United Kingdom The Top 66 Albums of 2000–2005[146] 2006 1
Fact Top 100 Albums of the 2000s[147] 2010 13
The Guardian The 100 Best Albums of the 21st Century[148] 2019 27
The Line of Best Fit Top 30 Albums of the 2000s[149] 2009 22
Mojo Albums of the Year[citation needed] 2001 7
musicOMH Top 21 Albums of the 2000s[citation needed] 2010 11
Paul Morley Words and Music, 5 x 100 Greatest Albums of All Time[citation needed] 2003 *
NME Best Albums of 2001[150] 2016 32
Top 100 Albums of the 2000s[151] 2009 95
The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time[152] 2013 403
Q Top 100 Albums of the 2000s[citation needed] 2009 48
Resident Advisor Top 100 Albums of the 2000s[153] 2010 54
Rock's Backpages Albums of the Year[citation needed] 2001 5
Top 176 Albums of the 2000s[citation needed] 2009 44
The Times Top 100 Albums of the 2000s[citation needed] 68
Uncut Albums of the Year[citation needed] 2001 26
Top 150 Albums of the 2000s[154] 2009 55
The Wire 2001 Rewind – 50 Records of the Year[155] 2001 1
The Word Top 25 Albums of the 2000s[citation needed] 2009 18
About.com United States Top 100 Albums of the 2000s[156] 2010 2
Addicted to Noise Albums of the Year[citation needed] 2001 7
Alternative Press Albums of the Year[citation needed] 3
Amazon.com Albums of the Year[citation needed] 4
The Best of the Decade in Music... So Far[citation needed] 2006 *
The A.V. Club Top 50 Albums of the 2000s[157] 2009 27
Barnes & Noble Albums of the Year[citation needed] 2001 14
Blender Albums of the Year[citation needed] 22
CMJ Albums of the Year[citation needed] *
Coke Machine Glow Top 100 Albums of the 2000s[citation needed] 2010 91
Down Beat Albums of the Year[citation needed] 2001 1
GQ The 40 Best Albums of the 21st Century[citation needed] 2003 *
Kitsap Sun The Top 101 Albums of the 2000s[citation needed] 2010 49
Los Angeles Times Albums of the Year[citation needed] 2001 2
Los Angeles New Times Albums of the Year[citation needed] 7
Music-Critic.com Albums of the Year[citation needed] 3
One Thirty BPM Top 100 Albums of the 2000s[158] 2010 11
Paste Top 50 Albums of the 2000s[159] 2009 50
Pitchfork Top 200 Albums of the 2000s[160] 92
PopMatters The 100 Best Albums of the 2000s[161] 2014 32
Robert Dimery 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die[162] 2005 *
Rolling Stone Albums of the Year[163] 2001 *
The 50 Coolest Records of All Time[citation needed] 2002 16
Top 100 Albums of the 2000s[164] 2009 67
Slant Magazine Top 250 Albums of the 2000s[165] 2010 3
Spin Albums of the Year[166] 2001 16
Stylus Magazine The 50 Best Albums of 2000–2004[167] 2005 36
Top 100 Albums of the 2000s[citation needed] 2010 17
Treble Top 150 Albums of the 2000s[168] 61
Unpop Albums of the Year[citation needed] 2001 7
The Village Voice Albums of the Year[citation needed] 3
Washington City Paper Albums of the Year[citation needed] 18
(*) designates lists that are unordered.

Track listing

[edit]
No.TitleWriter(s)Producer(s)Length
1."Hidden Place"BjörkBjörk5:28
2."Cocoon"
  • Björk
  • Knak
4:28
3."It's Not Up to You"BjörkBjörk5:08
4."Undo"
  • Björk
  • Knak
Björk5:38
5."Pagan Poetry"Björk
5:14
6."Frosti"BjörkBjörk1:41
7."Aurora"BjörkBjörk4:39
8."An Echo a Stain"
Björk4:04
9."Sun in My Mouth"
  • Björk
  • Sigsworth
Björk2:40
10."Heirloom"
  • Björk
  • Console
5:12
11."Harm of Will"
Björk4:36
12."Unison"BjörkBjörk6:45
Total length:55:39
Japanese edition bonus track
No.TitleWriter(s)Producer(s)Length
13."Generous Palmstroke"
  • Björk
  • de Vries
4:08
Total length:59:37

Notes[169]

  • "Hidden Place" samples "Transfigured Night, Op. 4" (1899) by Arnold Schoenberg.
  • "Undo" heavily samples "1% in 2/3 Speed" (1999) by Opiate.
  • "Sun In My Mouth" contains lyrics from "Impressions" by E. E. Cummings from Complete Poems: 1910–1962.
  • "Heirloom" is based upon "Crabcraft" by Console.
  • "Unison" contains a sample of "Aero Deck" by Oval from Systemisch.
  • ^[a] signifies an additional producer.

Personnel

[edit]

Credits adapted from the liner notes of Vespertine.[76]

Musicians

  • Jake Davies – programming (1, 5), beat programming (7)
  • Damian Taylor – programming (1, 12), beat programming (7, 8)
  • Guy Sigsworth – programming (1, 12), choir arrangement (1, 8, 12), clavichord (3), clavichord arrangement (3), beat programming (8), celeste (8, 9, 11), celeste arrangement (9, 11)
  • Matthew Herbert – programming (1, 12)
  • Matmos – programming (1, 12), beat programming (7, 8)
  • Björk – bassline (1, 5, 7, 9), choir arrangement (1, 3, 4), harp arrangement (3, 7, 12), programming (5, 12), music box arrangement (5–7), beat programming (7, 9), string arrangement (11)
  • Vince Mendoza – choir arrangement (1, 3, 8, 11), orchestration (1, 3, 4, 8, 9, 11, 12), string arrangement (3, 4, 8, 9, 12)
  • Thomas Knak – programming (2, 4)
  • Valgeir Sigurðsson – beat programming (3, 9), programming (12)
  • Zeena Parkins – harp arrangement (3–5, 8, 9, 12), harp (3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 12)
  • Caryl Thomas – harp (3)
  • Jack Perron – adaptation to music box (5–7)
  • Marius de Vries – additional programming (7), beat programming (8)
  • Martin Console – programming (10)

Technical

  • Jake Davies – Pro Tools recording engineer (1, 3, 7, 12); Pro Tools (4), recording engineer (4, 8), vocals recording (10)
  • Damian Taylor – Pro Tools recording engineer (1)
  • Valgeir Sigurðsson – Pro Tools recording engineer (3, 12), Pro Tools (4), recording engineer (4, 8, 9, 11)
  • Leigh Jamieson – Pro Tools recording engineer (3)
  • Jan "Stan" Kybert – Pro Tools (4)
  • Eric Gosh – music box engineering
  • Juan Garcia – assistant engineer (Magic Shop)
  • Damon Idins – assistant engineer (Astoria)
  • Eric & Rory – assistant engineers (Avatar)
  • Aarron Franz – assistant engineer (Sear Sound)
  • Adrian Dawson – 2nd assistant engineer (Sear Sound)
  • Ricardo Gary Walker – assistant
  • Jason Spears – assistant
  • Aaron – assistant
  • Matt Fields – assistant
  • Daniel Porter – assistant
  • David Treahearn – assistant
  • Björk – vocal editing (4, 11)
  • Mark "Spike" Stent – mixing (all tracks)

Artwork

Charts

[edit]

Certifications and sales

[edit]
Certifications and sales for Vespertine
Region Certification Certified units/sales
Canada (Music Canada)[197] Gold 50,000^
France (SNEP)[198] Gold 100,000*
Japan (RIAJ)[200] Gold 124,550[199]
Norway — 10,000[201]
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[202] Gold 50,000^
Switzerland (IFPI Switzerland)[203] Gold 20,000^
United Kingdom (BPI)[204] Gold 100,000^
United States — 402,000[205]
Summaries
Europe — 1,200,000[113]

* Sales figures based on certification alone.
^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Vespertine is officially considered to be her fourth solo album.[1][2] It is Björk's fifth solo studio album if her 1977 juvenilia self-titled release is taken into account.[3] The album can also be considered as sixth, adding Gling-Gló to the count, a 1990 collaboration with Tríó Guðmundar Ingólfssonar.[4]
  2. ^ Referring to a 2001 interview with NME, during which Björk stated "This is [...] music for the home. It's corny to make a soundtrack for making a sandwich, but I quite like it."[11]
  3. ^ Although Vespertine does not feature kora, Björk would later collaborate with Toumani Diabaté on the track "Hope" from her 2007 album Volta.[45]
  4. ^ Björk wrote the song "I've Seen It All" for Dancer in the Dark and was nominated for Best Original Song

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f "Vespertine Special". bjork.com. Archived from the original on 2 August 2002. Retrieved 2 January 2015.
  2. ^ a b c d e Pytlik 2003, p. 155
  3. ^ Layne, Joslyn. "Björk Gudmundsdóttir – Björk Gudmundsdóttir". AllMusic. Archived from the original on 19 April 2022. Retrieved 9 September 2016.
  4. ^ Perlich, Tim (1 November 1993). "Björk's brilliant Debut bridges Jazz and Pop". Now.
  5. ^ "None".
  6. ^ Hasty, Katie (16 May 2007). "Buble Sidesteps Bone Thugs To Claim No. 1". Billboard. Archived from the original on 21 October 2023. Retrieved 11 April 2024.
  7. ^ a b "björk: in focus". MTV. March 2001. Archived from the original on 19 March 2005. Retrieved 27 April 2016.
  8. ^ "GH&FT special: All Is Full of Love". bjork.com. Archived from the original on 21 August 2006. Retrieved 25 November 2014.
  9. ^ a b c Pytlik 2003, p. 159
  10. ^ Heath, Chris (17 October 2011). "Lars and His Real Girls". GQ. Archived from the original on 18 December 2014. Retrieved 7 July 2011.
  11. ^ a b c "The Twilight World of Björk". NME. 11 August 2001.
  12. ^ a b Toop, David (September 2001). "The Twilight World of Björk". The Wire.
  13. ^ Mac, Sam C. (20 January 2015). "Björk: Vulnicura". Slant Magazine. Archived from the original on 24 May 2016. Retrieved 13 April 2016.
  14. ^ a b c d Tom, Flint (November 2001). "Musical Differences". Sound on Sound. Archived from the original on 26 April 2016. Retrieved 17 April 2016.
  15. ^ a b Pytlik 2003, p. 176
  16. ^ a b Pytlik 2003, p. 160
  17. ^ Pytlik 2003, p. 170
  18. ^ Pytlik 2003, p. 156
  19. ^ a b Pytlik 2003, pp. 160–161, 179
  20. ^ a b c d e Pytlik 2003, p. 162
  21. ^ Rocket in the Pocket (Media notes). Payola Records. 1998. Payola A4.
  22. ^ a b Hopper, Jessica (21 January 2015). "The Invisible Woman: A Conversation with Björk". Pitchfork. Archived from the original on 19 March 2016. Retrieved 11 April 2024. Also published in The Pitchfork Review. Pitchfork Media. 21 April 2015. pp. 38–51. ISBN 978-0-9913992-4-6.
  23. ^ "GH&FT special : Pagan Poetry". bjork.com. Archived from the original on 27 February 2010. Retrieved 31 July 2014.
  24. ^ "Beat Manifestos: Björk". Wired. May 2002. Archived from the original on 27 February 2010. Retrieved 3 March 2016.
  25. ^ a b c d e Gestsdóttir, R. (Director). (2003). Minuscule [Documentary]. One Little Indian
  26. ^ "Icon: Björk". Wondering Sound. 9 September 2010. Archived from the original on 26 July 2014. Retrieved 22 June 2014.
  27. ^ Harris, John (August 2001). "I don't like rock". Q. ISBN 978-0-417-08084-0.
  28. ^ Martin, Bill (12 February 2002). Avant Rock: Experimental Music from the Beatles to Bjork. Open Court. p. 157. ISBN 978-0-8126-9500-7. Archived from the original on 12 December 2023. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
  29. ^ a b Coleman, Nick (31 August 2003). "Live Box". The Independent.
  30. ^ "Björk – "Vespertine" (Elektra)". The Dallas Morning News. 30 June 2001.
  31. ^ DeRogatis, Jim (1 January 2003). Turn on Your Mind: Four Decades of Great Psychedelic Rock. Hal Leonard Corporation. p. 578. ISBN 978-0-634-05548-5. Archived from the original on 12 December 2023. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
  32. ^ a b Flajšar, Jirí; Vernyik, Zénó (1 November 2007). Words into Pictures: E. E. Cummings' Art Across Borders. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 180. ISBN 978-1-84718-335-4.
  33. ^ a b Smith, Chris (1 September 2003). "Björk – Vespertine". Stylus Magazine. Archived from the original on 10 May 2012. Retrieved 4 May 2016.
  34. ^ a b c d e f g h Fricke, David (20 August 2001). "Vespertine". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 23 January 2017. Retrieved 28 April 2012.
  35. ^ Killingsworth, Jason (2 November 2009). "The 50 Best Albums of the Decade (2000–2009)". Paste. Archived from the original on 7 July 2011. Retrieved 10 March 2015.
  36. ^ Plagenhoef, Scott (9 June 2004). "Björk: Debut Live / Post Live / Homogenic Live / Vespertine Live". Pitchfork. Archived from the original on 18 March 2017. Retrieved 9 July 2014. Live, Vespertine's glitch-pop nuances are magnified, the choir is less cloying, and the music box melodies are more embraceable.
  37. ^ Gittins & Hoard 2004, p. 120
  38. ^ a b c d Phares, Heather. "Vespertine – Björk". AllMusic. Archived from the original on 29 February 2016. Retrieved 7 October 2011.
  39. ^ "100 Best Albums of the 2000s: Bjork, 'Vespertine'". Rolling Stone. 18 July 2011. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 9 July 2014.
  40. ^ "Review – Vespertine". Orlando Weekly. 20 September 2001. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 3 March 2016.
  41. ^ "Favorite 100 Albums of 2000–2009: 60–41". Tiny Mix Tapes. February 2010. Archived from the original on 21 February 2015. Retrieved 31 December 2014.
  42. ^ Liu, Jonathan (5 January 2007). "Björk: Still Weird After All These Years". The New York Observer. Archived from the original on 25 February 2015. Retrieved 24 February 2015. ...morphed into the art-rock torch singer of 2001's Vespertine...
  43. ^ a b c d Dibben, Nicola (March 2006). "Subjectivity and the Construction of Emotion in the Music of Björk". Music Analysis. 25 (1–2): 171–197. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2249.2006.00237.x.
  44. ^ a b c Howe, Blake; Jensen-Moulton, Stephanie; Lerner, Neil; Straus, Joseph (15 October 2015). The Oxford Handbook of Music and Disability Studies. Oxford University Press. p. 162. ISBN 978-0-19-933144-4. Archived from the original on 12 December 2023. Retrieved 3 March 2016.
  45. ^ Honigmann, David (1 February 2008). "'We are the memory'". Financial Times. London: The Financial Times Ltd. Archived from the original on 14 May 2022. Retrieved 13 May 2022.
  46. ^ Beauvallet, Jean-Daniel (23 April 2007). "Björk raconte Volta sur lesinrocks.com" [Björk talks Volta with lesinrocks.com]. Les Inrockuptibles (in French). Archived from the original on 14 May 2022. Retrieved 13 May 2022.
  47. ^ Born, Georgina (17 January 2013). Music, Sound and Space: Transformations of Public and Private Experience. Cambridge University Press. pp. 99–100. ISBN 978-1-107-50412-7. Archived from the original on 12 December 2023. Retrieved 3 March 2016.
  48. ^ "Björk Vespertine | Album Review". Slant Magazine. 15 August 2001. Archived from the original on 6 June 2016. Retrieved 5 March 2016.
  49. ^ a b c d Hubbard, Michael. "Björk – Vespertine". musicOMH. Archived from the original on 17 January 2022. Retrieved 3 August 2014.
  50. ^ Dalton, Stephen (25 July 2001). "Bjork : Hidden Place". NME. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 31 July 2014.
  51. ^ Merryweather, David (14 August 2001). "Single Review: Björk – Hidden Place". Drowned in Sound. Archived from the original on 10 August 2014. Retrieved 31 July 2014.
  52. ^ a b c d e "Reviews & Previews: Albums". Billboard. Vol. 113, no. 35. September 2001. ISSN 0006-2510. Retrieved 5 February 2016.
  53. ^ a b c Cragg, Michael (26 March 2014). "10 of the best: Björk". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 23 February 2017. Retrieved 5 February 2016.
  54. ^ "Cocoon". bjork.com. Archived from the original on 20 August 2005. Retrieved 31 July 2014.
  55. ^ "Discography: Björk". Spin. Vol. 3, no. 6. June 2007. ISSN 0886-3032. Archived from the original on 12 December 2023. Retrieved 5 February 2016 – via Google Books.
  56. ^ a b Hua Hsu (2001). "Vespertine – soundcheck". The Wire. Vol. 209–214. p. 52.
  57. ^ Brown, Ethan (2001). "Pop Music". New York. Vol. 34. p. 155.
  58. ^ Gladstone, Neil (September 2001). "Brighter Later". CMJ New Music Monthly. No. 96. ISSN 1074-6978. Archived from the original on 12 December 2023. Retrieved 5 February 2016.
  59. ^ a b Pytlik 2003, p. 195
  60. ^ a b c Paoletta, Mike (28 July 2001). "Björk Paints From New Palette For Elektra". Billboard. Vol. 113, no. 30. ISSN 0006-2510. Archived from the original on 12 December 2023. Retrieved 10 February 2016.
  61. ^ Rosen, Jody (21 October 2004). "Guided by Voices". The Nation. Archived from the original on 15 February 2016. Retrieved 10 February 2016.
  62. ^ Southgate, Nick (2004). "A Guess at the Riddle". The Wire. Vol. 245–250. p. 58.
  63. ^ Sherburne, Philip (October 2001). "Björk – Vespertine". CMJ New Music Monthly. No. 85. ISSN 1074-6978.
  64. ^ a b Pytlik 2003, p. 173
  65. ^ a b c d Pereira Macedo, Donaldo; Steinberg, Shirley R. (2007). Media literacy: a reader. Peter Lang International Academic Publishers. ISBN 978-0-8204-8668-0.
  66. ^ a b Pytlik 2003, p. 172
  67. ^ a b c Schreiber, Ryan (31 August 2001). "Björk: Vespertine". Pitchfork. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 13 December 2015.
  68. ^ "Judge Björk". Slate. The Slate Group. 5 September 2001.
  69. ^ Bell, Corey. "Delayed Reaction: Björk — "Vespertine"". Art Nouveau Magazine. Archived from the original on 15 February 2016. Retrieved 10 February 2016.
  70. ^ Taylor, Steve (27 September 2006). The A to X of Alternative Music. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 37. ISBN 978-0-8264-8217-4.
  71. ^ Gibsone, Harriet (22 January 2015). "Björk's album artwork: from sci-fi Mother Earth to McQueen's kimono – in pictures". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2 September 2017. Retrieved 9 March 2015.
  72. ^ Levy, Emanuel (14 January 2003). All about Oscar: the history and politics of the Academy Awards. Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 24. ISBN 978-0-8264-1452-6. Archived from the original on 12 December 2023. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
  73. ^ Obrist, Hans Ulrich (2004). "Seventy-five suns in the sky over France". M/M Paris. Archived from the original on 24 April 2015. Retrieved 27 April 2016.
  74. ^ "Franska revolutionen är en ren formsak". M/M Paris. Archived from the original on 22 August 2013. Retrieved 12 August 2013.
  75. ^ Pytlik 2003, p. 153
  76. ^ a b Vespertine (LP, Vinyl, CD). One Little Indian. 2001. TPLP101.
  77. ^ "Vespertine is definitely for all seasons". Grapewire. bjork.com. 13 March 2001. Archived from the original on 23 November 2005. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
  78. ^ "Björk Unveils Six New Songs in New York". Billboard. 23 May 2001. Archived from the original on 27 September 2015. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
  79. ^ "Guess Wot! Guess Wot? Guess Wot!". Grapewire. bjork.com. 27 August 2001. Archived from the original on 23 November 2005. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
  80. ^ Fritsch, Oliver (2009). "Vespertine". 77ísland. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 3 March 2016.
  81. ^ "Björk: book". bjork.com. Archived from the original on 5 November 2010. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
  82. ^ "DVD releases for the US + more". Grapewire. bjork.acom. 8 December 2001. Archived from the original on 29 November 2005. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
  83. ^ Björk (2002). Volumen Plus (Region 1 DVD). One Little Indian Records. ASIN B00009MEFO.
  84. ^ Björk (2002). Greatest Hits – Volumen 1993–2003 (All Regions DVD). One Little Indian Records. ASIN B00009MEFN.
  85. ^ "Björk in the magazines". Grapewire. bjork.com. 31 March 2001. Archived from the original on 23 November 2005. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
  86. ^ "Explore Vespertine through a magazine". Grapewire. bjork.com. 10 July 2001. Archived from the original on 29 November 2005. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
  87. ^ "The Times & 'A whole Lot of Things'!". Grapewire. bjork.com. 11 August 2001. Archived from the original on 23 November 2005. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
  88. ^ "From the TV to the Monitor!". Grapewire. bjork.com. 8 September 2001. Archived from the original on 23 November 2005. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
  89. ^ "More TV shows on the way". Grapewire. bjork.com. 10 September 2001. Archived from the original on 29 November 2005. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
  90. ^ "It's time to play hide and go seek!". Grapewire. bjork.com. 2 July 2001. Archived from the original on 23 November 2005. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
  91. ^ "B-sides galore on Hidden Place single". Grapewire. bjork.com. 27 June 2001. Archived from the original on 23 November 2005. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
  92. ^ a b "GH&FT special : Hidden Place". bjork.com. Archived from the original on 30 March 2010. Retrieved 31 July 2014.
  93. ^ "Nick Knight does Pagan Poetry". Grapewire. bjork.com. 2 October 2001. Archived from the original on 23 November 2005. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
  94. ^ "...it is Pagan Poetry as The Single". Grapewire. bjork.com. 18 October 2001. Archived from the original on 23 November 2005. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
  95. ^ Hyland, Véronique (22 April 2015). "Nick Knight on Working With Kanye, Björk, and McQueen". New York. Archived from the original on 29 October 2015. Retrieved 27 April 2016.
  96. ^ a b c "The Light of Love: The Making of the Pagan Poetry Video". bjork.com. Archived from the original on 9 July 2009. Retrieved 31 July 2014.
  97. ^ Cinquemani, Sal (5 July 2013). "Top 10 Björk Music Videos". Slant Magazine. Archived from the original on 20 January 2015. Retrieved 3 January 2015.
  98. ^ "The 15 Most NSFW Music Videos of All Time: Björk, 'Pagan Poetry' (2001)". Rolling Stone. 13 July 2011. Archived from the original on 21 November 2017. Retrieved 27 April 2016.
  99. ^ "Cocoon Web Premiere @ bjork.com". Grapewire. bjork.com. 2 February 2002. Archived from the original on 23 November 2005. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
  100. ^ Fritsch, Oliver (2015). "Cocoon". 77ísland. Archived from the original on 9 January 2016. Retrieved 3 March 2016.
  101. ^ a b Beebe, Roger; Middleton, Jason (2007). Medium Cool: Music Videos from Soundies to Cellphones. Duke University Press. p. 107. ISBN 978-0-8223-4162-8. Archived from the original on 12 December 2023. Retrieved 3 January 2015.
  102. ^ "Bjork at 50 – The Iconic Artist's Life And Career in Pictures". NME. 19 November 2015. Archived from the original on 8 March 2016. Retrieved 4 May 2016.
  103. ^ Mandle, Chris (2013). "Top ten flesh-flashing videos". Dazed. Archived from the original on 18 January 2022. Retrieved 4 May 2016.
  104. ^ "Björk World Tour to Feature 54-Piece Orchestra". Billboard. 3 August 2001. Archived from the original on 3 August 2016. Retrieved 6 May 2016.
  105. ^ a b Björk (16 March 2010). Live at Royal Opera House (DVD). United States: One Little Indian. ASIN B00009MEFM.
  106. ^ Farago, Jason (8 March 2015). "Björk review – a nakedly personal show". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 18 January 2022. Retrieved 13 December 2016. ...far inferior to the Ernst Haeckel fauna illustrations from her Vespertine tour.
  107. ^ "Press conference held yesterday". Grapewire. bjork.com. 23 August 2001. Archived from the original on 23 November 2005. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
  108. ^ Bychawski, Adam (24 August 2001). "Björk Honoured by French Government". NME. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
  109. ^ "Press conference in Spain today". Grapewire. bjork.com. 4 November 2001. Archived from the original on 23 November 2005. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
  110. ^ Live Box (Box set). One Little Indian. 2003. 5016958055721.
  111. ^ Hasty, Katie (16 May 2007). "Buble Sidesteps Bone Thugs To Claim No. 1". Billboard. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
  112. ^ "Björk | Biography, Music & News". Billboard. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
  113. ^ a b "Chit-chatting on AOL + more". Grapewire. bjork.com. 8 September 2001. Archived from the original on 23 November 2005. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
  114. ^ a b "Vespertine is number one!". Grapewire. bjork.com. 8 September 2001. Archived from the original on 23 November 2005. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
  115. ^ a b "European Top 100 Albums" (PDF). Music & Media. Vol. 19, no. 38. 15 September 2001. p. 12. OCLC 29800226. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 July 2021. Retrieved 11 July 2021 – via World Radio History.
  116. ^ a b "Ultratop.be – Björk – Vespertine" (in Dutch). Hung Medien. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  117. ^ a b "Bjork Chart History (Canadian Albums)". Billboard. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  118. ^ a b ビョークのアルバム売り上げランキング [Björk's album sales ranking] (in Japanese). Oricon. Archived from the original on 14 May 2013. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  119. ^ a b "Official Albums Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  120. ^ a b Salaverri, Fernando (September 2005). Sólo éxitos: año a año, 1959–2002 (in Spanish) (1st ed.). Madrid: Fundación Autor-SGAE. ISBN 978-84-8048-639-2.
  121. ^ a b c "Bjork | full Official Chart History". Official Charts Company. Archived from the original on 21 December 2021. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  122. ^ "Björk | Awards". AllMusic. Archived from the original on 26 May 2015. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  123. ^ "Björk – Hidden Place" (in Dutch). Ultratop. Archived from the original on 14 November 2021. Retrieved 6 May 2016.
  124. ^ "Björk – Pagan Poetry" (in Dutch). Ultratop. Archived from the original on 3 May 2015. Retrieved 6 May 2016.
  125. ^ "Björk – Cocoon" (in Dutch). Ultratop. Archived from the original on 12 November 2021. Retrieved 6 May 2016.
  126. ^ a b "Reviews for Vespertine by Björk". Metacritic. Archived from the original on 3 November 2021. Retrieved 7 October 2011.
  127. ^ a b Browne, David (20 August 2001). "Vespertine". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on 20 June 2017. Retrieved 7 October 2011.
  128. ^ Sullivan, Caroline (24 August 2001). "An evening of magic". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 18 January 2022. Retrieved 13 December 2015.
  129. ^ Baltin, Steve (26 August 2001). "Björk 'Vespertine' Elektra". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 13 December 2015.
  130. ^ Dalton, Stephen (25 August 2001). "Bjork: Vespertine". NME. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 29 September 2011.
  131. ^ a b "Björk: Vespertine". Q. No. 181. September 2001. p. 109.
  132. ^ a b Wolk, Douglas (2004). "Björk". In Brackett, Nathan; Hoard, Christian (eds.). The New Rolling Stone Album Guide (4th ed.). Simon & Schuster. pp. 73–74. ISBN 978-0-7432-0169-8.
  133. ^ a b Christgau, Robert (12 March 2002). "Consumer Guide: 2001 Gets Better". The Village Voice. Archived from the original on 18 January 2022. Retrieved 13 December 2015.
  134. ^ a b Phipps, Keith (19 April 2002). "Björk: Vespertine". The A.V. Club. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 7 July 2011.
  135. ^ a b "Bjork Vespertine – Review of Bjork's Definitive Alternative Album Vespertine". About.com. 27 August 2001. Archived from the original on 7 August 2011. Retrieved 22 August 2012.
  136. ^ a b Widder, Katy (28 August 2001). "Björk: Vespertine". PopMatters. Archived from the original on 4 July 2017. Retrieved 5 March 2016.
  137. ^ Reynolds, Simon (October 2001). "Bjork". Uncut.
  138. ^ "Björk – Vespertine". Tiny Mix Tapes. 1 September 2001. Archived from the original on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 4 May 2016.
  139. ^ "Björk – Vespertine". Almost Cool. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 3 August 2014.
  140. ^ Wickman, Forrest (22 January 2015). "It's Not Just Björk: Women Are Tired of Not Getting Credit for Their Own Music". Slate. Archived from the original on 20 October 2018. Retrieved 3 March 2016.
  141. ^ Spotts, Greg. "(shôrt–lĭst)". Short List. Archived from the original on 27 January 2010. Retrieved 8 January 2010.
  142. ^ Basham, David (24 January 2002). "Got Charts? Creed, Eminem, No Doubt, 'NSYNC Have Something in Common". MTV News. Archived from the original on 3 April 2010. Retrieved 29 April 2010.
  143. ^ "International Female Solo Artist Nominations Announced". Brit Awards. Archived from the original on 20 May 2016. Retrieved 6 May 2016.
  144. ^ "Italian Music Awards, annunciate le nomination". Dirittodautore.it (in Italian). 26 October 2001. Archived from the original on 29 May 2014. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
  145. ^ "Fyrri verðlaunahafar". Íslensku Tónlistarverðlaunin (in Icelandic). Archived from the original on 11 February 2016. Retrieved 17 July 2014.
  146. ^ Diver, Mike (31 October 2006). "DiS is 6: Our 66, the top six". DrownedInSound. Archived from the original on 7 June 2024. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  147. ^ "The 100 Best Albums of the 2000s - Page 9 of 10". Fact Magazine. 1 December 2010. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  148. ^ "The 100 best albums of the 21st century". The Guardian. 13 September 2019. Archived from the original on 13 September 2019. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
  149. ^ "The Best Fit Thirty Greatest albums of the Noughties". The Line of Best Fit. 21 December 2009. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  150. ^ "NME's best albums and tracks of 2001". NME. 10 October 2016. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  151. ^ "The Top 100 Greatest Albums Of The Decade". NME. 11 November 2009.
  152. ^ Barker, Emily (21 October 2013). "The 500 Greatest Albums Of All Time: 500-401". NME. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  153. ^ "RA Poll: Top 100 albums of the '00s · Feature ⟋ RA". Resident Advisor. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  154. ^ "Uncut's 150 Albums of the Decade: Part two!". UNCUT. 30 November 2009. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  155. ^ "2001 Rewind – 50 Records of the Year". The Wire. No. 215. January 2002. p. 40. Archived from the original on 7 July 2017. Retrieved 20 May 2016.
  156. ^ Carew, Anthony. "Top 100 Albums of the 2000s". About.com. Archived from the original on 27 February 2010. Retrieved 12 February 2016.
  157. ^ Caine, Paul. "The best music of the decade". The A.V. Club. Archived from the original on 22 November 2009. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
  158. ^ "The Top 100 Albums of the 2000s". Beats Per Minute. 15 February 2010. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  159. ^ "The Best Albums of 2001". Paste.
  160. ^ "The 200 Best Albums of the 2000s". Pitchfork. 2 October 2009. Archived from the original on 18 January 2022. Retrieved 27 October 2018.
  161. ^ Easton, Anthony. "The 100 Best Albums of the 2000s: 40-21". PopMatters. Archived from the original on 12 October 2014. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
  162. ^ Dimery, Robert, ed. (2005). 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die. London: Cassell Illustrated. p. 884. OL 27874280M.
  163. ^ "Our Critics' Top Albums of 2001". Rolling Stone. 26 December 2001. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  164. ^ Staff. (18 July 2011). "100 Best Albums of the 2000s". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
  165. ^ "The 100 Best Albums of the 2000s". Slant Magazine. 1 February 2010.
  166. ^ "The 20 Best Albums of 2001". SPIN. 31 December 2001.
  167. ^ "The Top 50 Albums: 2000-2005". 18 January 2005. Retrieved 3 November 2024.
  168. ^ "The Best Albums of the '00s". Treble. 18 January 2010. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  169. ^ "Tracks sampled by Björk" Archived 10 August 2023 at the Wayback Machine. WhoSampled. Retrieved Aug 8 2023.
  170. ^ "Australiancharts.com – Björk – Vespertine". Hung Medien. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  171. ^ "Austriancharts.at – Björk – Vespertine" (in German). Hung Medien. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  172. ^ "Ultratop.be – Björk – Vespertine" (in French). Hung Medien. Retrieved 31 December 2014.
  173. ^ a b "Top National Sellers" (PDF). Music & Media. Vol. 19, no. 40. 29 September 2001. p. 13. OCLC 29800226. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 August 2021. Retrieved 11 July 2021 – via World Radio History.
  174. ^ "Danishcharts.dk – Björk – Vespertine". Hung Medien. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  175. ^ "Dutchcharts.nl – Björk – Vespertine" (in Dutch). Hung Medien. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  176. ^ "Björk: Vespertine" (in Finnish). Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  177. ^ "Lescharts.com – Björk – Vespertine". Hung Medien. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  178. ^ "Offiziellecharts.de – Björk – Vespertine" (in German). GfK Entertainment Charts. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  179. ^ "Album Top 40 slágerlista – 2001. 38. hét" (in Hungarian). MAHASZ. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  180. ^ "Irish-charts.com – Discography Björk". Hung Medien. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  181. ^ "Italiancharts.com – Björk – Vespertine". Hung Medien. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  182. ^ "Charts.nz – Björk – Vespertine". Hung Medien. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  183. ^ "Norwegiancharts.com – Björk – Vespertine". Hung Medien. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  184. ^ "Oficjalna lista sprzedaży :: OLiS - Official Retail Sales Chart". OLiS. Polish Society of the Phonographic Industry. Retrieved 31 December 2014.
  185. ^ "Top National Sellers" (PDF). Music & Media. Vol. 19, no. 38. 15 September 2001. p. 13. OCLC 29800226. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 August 2021. Retrieved 11 July 2021 – via World Radio History.
  186. ^ "Official Scottish Albums Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  187. ^ "Swedishcharts.com – Björk – Vespertine". Hung Medien. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  188. ^ "Swisscharts.com – Björk – Vespertine". Hung Medien. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  189. ^ "Official Independent Albums Chart Top 50". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  190. ^ "Bjork Chart History (Billboard 200)". Billboard. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  191. ^ "Bjork Chart History (Top Dance/Electronic Albums)". Billboard. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  192. ^ "Top 200 Albums of 2001 (based on sales)". Jam!. Archived from the original on 6 November 2003. Retrieved 26 March 2022.
  193. ^ "Chart of the Year 2001". TOP20.dk. Archived from the original on 23 July 2015. Retrieved 4 January 2021.
  194. ^ "Year in Review – European Top 100 Albums 2001" (PDF). Music & Media. Vol. 19, no. 52. 22 December 2001. p. 15. OCLC 29800226. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 August 2021. Retrieved 11 July 2021 – via World Radio History.
  195. ^ "Classement Albums – année 2001" (in French). SNEP. Archived from the original on 24 September 2012. Retrieved 12 February 2017.
  196. ^ "Dancing to the Charts". Billboard. Vol. 114, no. 13. 30 March 2002. p. 40. ISSN 0006-2510. Archived from the original on 12 December 2023. Retrieved 11 July 2021 – via Google Books.
  197. ^ "Canadian album certifications – Björk – Vespertine". Music Canada. 26 October 2001.
  198. ^ "French album certifications – Björk – Vespertine" (in French). Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique. 13 November 2001.
  199. ^ Oricon Album Chart Book: Complete Edition 1970–2005. Roppongi, Tokyo: Oricon Charts. 2006. ISBN 978-4-87131-077-2.
  200. ^ "Japanese album certifications – ビョーク – ヴェスパタイン" (in Japanese). Recording Industry Association of Japan. Select 2001年8月 on the drop-down menu
  201. ^ "Nordmenn saka Björk um okur". Morgunblaðið (in Icelandic). 4 January 2002. p. 64. Archived from the original on 29 May 2023. Retrieved 19 May 2023 – via Timarit.is.
  202. ^ "Discos de platino y oro 2000". El Mundo (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 2 June 2018.
  203. ^ "The Official Swiss Charts and Music Community: Awards ('Vespertine')". IFPI Switzerland. Hung Medien.
  204. ^ "British album certifications – Björk – Vespertine". British Phonographic Industry. 22 July 2013. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  205. ^ "Bjork's New Blend". Billboard. 10 May 2007. Archived from the original on 28 March 2016. Retrieved 17 December 2016.

Bibliography

[edit]
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vespertine&oldid=1257419241"