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Monroe, Louisiana

Coordinates: 32°30′34″N 92°07′06″W / 32.50944°N 92.11833°W / 32.50944; -92.11833
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Monroe, Louisiana[1]
City
Downtown Monroe
Downtown Monroe
Official seal of Monroe, Louisiana[1]
Seal
Nickname: 
Twin Cities of Northeast Louisiana (along with West Monroe)
Motto: 
"Oneroe"
Location of Monroe in Ouachita Parish, Louisiana
Location of Monroe in Ouachita Parish, Louisiana
Monroe is located in the United States
Monroe
Monroe
Location in the United States
Coordinates: 32°30′34″N 92°07′06″W / 32.50944°N 92.11833°W / 32.50944; -92.11833
CountryUnited States
StateLouisiana
ParishOuachita
Founded1785 (239 years ago) (1785)
Incorporated (town)1845 (179 years ago) (1845)
Incorporated (city)1906 (118 years ago) (1906)
Named forthe steamboat James Monroe
Government
 • MayorFriday Ellis (I)
 • City Council
Members List
Area
[2]
 • City
32.91 sq mi (85.23 km2)
 • Land29.66 sq mi (76.80 km2)
 • Water3.25 sq mi (8.42 km2)
Elevation
[3]
72 ft (22 m)
Population
 (2020)[4]
 • City
47,702
 • Estimate 
(2023)[5]
46,616
 • RankUS: 857th
LA: 8th
 • Density1,608.57/sq mi (621.08/km2)
 • Urban
119,964 (US: 280th)
 • Metro
222,695 (US: 212nd)
 Urban area includes Monroe-West Monroe
DemonymMonroyan
Time zoneUTC−6 (Central (CST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC−5 (CDT)
ZIP codes
71201, 71202, 71203, 71207, 71209, 71210, 71211, 71212, 71213, 71217
Area code318
FIPS code22-51410
GNIS feature ID2404283[3]
Sales tax10.44%[6]
Websitemonroela.us

Monroe is the ninth-largest city in the U.S. state of Louisiana, and is the parish seat and largest city of Ouachita Parish. With a 2020 census-tabulated population of 47,702,[4] it is the principal city of the Monroe metropolitan statistical area, the second-largest metropolitan area in North Louisiana.

Etymology

[edit]

As governor of Louisiana, Esteban Rodríguez Miró had Fort Miro built in 1791.[7] Fort Miro changed its name to Monroe to commemorate the first arrival of the steamboat James Monroe in the spring of 1820.[8] The ship's arrival was the single event, in the minds of local residents, that transformed the outpost into a town.

Credit for the name is indirectly given to James Monroe of Virginia, the fifth President of the United States, for whom the ship was named. The steamboat is depicted in a mural at the main branch of the Ouachita Parish Public Library.

History

[edit]

Early history–late 20th century

[edit]

Monroe's origins date back to the Spanish colonial period.

As the 19th century began, the entire Ouachita Valley region ... was part of Spanish colonial holdings. Ouachita Parish encompassed the area between the Red and the Mississippi Rivers, from north of Concordia and Rapides Parish to the Missouri. The area was sparsely populated, primarily by itinerant hunters and trappers until late in the 18th century. Under Spanish colonial rule, Jean Baptiste Filhiol was sent from South Louisiana to oversee the settlement of the Poste du Ouachita in 1781. In 1785 Filhiol designated Prairie des Canots, now Monroe ... as the governmental center of the Poste du Ouachita. In response to a petition by the settlers, a fortification was built in 1791 and named Fort Miro in honor of the Spanish governor, Estavan Miro.

— Susan Sirmans, Pharmacy and Medicine in Nineteenth-Century Ouachita Parish, Louisiana[9]

Fort Miro changed its name to Monroe to commemorate the first arrival of the steamboat James Monroe in the spring of 1820 (see "Etymology" above).[8]

In 1913, Joseph A. Biedenharn, the first bottler of Coca-Cola, moved to Monroe from Vicksburg, Mississippi. Biedenharn and his son Malcolm were among the founders of Delta Air Lines, originally Delta Dusters. That company was founded in Tallulah, Louisiana in Madison Parish. It was based on products and processes developed by the Agriculture Experimental Station to dust crops from airplanes in order to combat the devastating effects that the boll weevil had on cotton crops. Biedenharn's home and gardens have been preserved and are now operated as the Biedenharn Museum and Gardens and are open to the public.[10]

Collett E. Woolman, the Ouachita Parish agent, was originally from Indiana. He pioneered crop dusting to eradicate the boll weevil, which destroyed cotton throughout the Mississippi Delta in the early 20th century. Woolman originated the first crop-dusting service in the world.[11] The collapse of cotton production meant a widespread loss of farm jobs, which contributed to the early-20th-century Great Migration, when a total of 1.5 million African-Americans left the rural South for jobs in northern and midwestern cities. They were also escaping the oppressive racial conditions and violence under Jim Crow and the disenfranchisement that excluded most blacks from the political system.

Howard D. Griffin (1911–1986) purchased a boat dealership in 1936 while a student at what became the University of Louisiana Monroe. By the 1960s, Griffin's company had become the world's largest outboard motor dealership, and he also sold motorcycles. From 1955 to 1985, Griffin and his wife, Birdie M. Griffin (1915–1985), operated their seasonal Land O' Toys store in Monroe.[12]

Geography

[edit]

Located in northeastern Louisiana, Monroe is the center of the Monroe metropolitan statistical area. It is the parish seat of Ouachita Parish, and northeastern Louisiana's economic and cultural hub. Monroe has an elevation of 72 feet (21.9 m) above sea level.[13] According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 31.6 square miles (83.9 km2), of which, 28.7 square miles (74.3 km2) is land and 3.7 square miles (9.6 km2) is water. The total area is 11.46% water.

Climate

[edit]
Bayou Desiard flows through Monroe.

Monroe has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa). Rainfall is abundant, with the normal annual precipitation averaging over 51 inches (1.3 m). Monthly averages range from less than 3 inches (76 mm) in August to more than 5 inches (130 mm) in June. Severe thunderstorms with heavy rain, hail, damaging winds and tornadoes occur in the area during the spring and summer months.

The winter months are normally mild, with an average of 35 days of freezing or below-freezing temperatures per year, with ice and sleet storms possible. Summer months are hot and humid, with maximum temperatures exceeding 90 degrees an average of 91 days per year, with high to very high relative average humidity, sometimes exceeding the 90 percent level.

Climate data for Monroe, Louisiana (Monroe Regional Airport), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1893–present
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 86
(30) 		89
(32) 		95
(35) 		97
(36) 		104
(40) 		108
(42) 		109
(43) 		108
(42) 		107
(42) 		101
(38) 		90
(32) 		89
(32) 		109
(43)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 75.6
(24.2) 		78.7
(25.9) 		84.2
(29.0) 		88.2
(31.2) 		92.7
(33.7) 		96.5
(35.8) 		99.5
(37.5) 		100.2
(37.9) 		97.2
(36.2) 		90.9
(32.7) 		82.8
(28.2) 		78.0
(25.6) 		101.3
(38.5)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 57.0
(13.9) 		61.1
(16.2) 		69.1
(20.6) 		76.8
(24.9) 		84.4
(29.1) 		90.5
(32.5) 		93.2
(34.0) 		93.6
(34.2) 		88.7
(31.5) 		78.8
(26.0) 		67.3
(19.6) 		59.0
(15.0) 		76.6
(24.8)
Daily mean °F (°C) 46.8
(8.2) 		50.7
(10.4) 		58.1
(14.5) 		65.5
(18.6) 		73.8
(23.2) 		80.3
(26.8) 		82.8
(28.2) 		82.5
(28.1) 		77.1
(25.1) 		66.3
(19.1) 		55.6
(13.1) 		48.8
(9.3) 		65.7
(18.7)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 36.7
(2.6) 		40.2
(4.6) 		47.2
(8.4) 		54.2
(12.3) 		63.1
(17.3) 		70.1
(21.2) 		72.5
(22.5) 		71.4
(21.9) 		65.5
(18.6) 		53.7
(12.1) 		43.9
(6.6) 		38.6
(3.7) 		54.8
(12.7)
Mean minimum °F (°C) 21.3
(−5.9) 		26.0
(−3.3) 		30.6
(−0.8) 		38.8
(3.8) 		50.0
(10.0) 		61.6
(16.4) 		66.6
(19.2) 		64.9
(18.3) 		52.4
(11.3) 		37.8
(3.2) 		28.4
(−2.0) 		24.4
(−4.2) 		19.7
(−6.8)
Record low °F (°C) −1
(−18) 		−2
(−19) 		18
(−8) 		31
(−1) 		39
(4) 		51
(11) 		55
(13) 		51
(11) 		35
(2) 		29
(−2) 		19
(−7) 		5
(−15) 		−2
(−19)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 5.15
(131) 		4.65
(118) 		5.21
(132) 		5.83
(148) 		4.43
(113) 		4.45
(113) 		3.94
(100) 		3.56
(90) 		3.55
(90) 		4.95
(126) 		4.16
(106) 		5.22
(133) 		55.10
(1,400)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 0.6
(1.5) 		0.1
(0.25) 		0.1
(0.25) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.1
(0.25) 		0.9
(2.3)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 10.2 9.7 9.8 8.3 9.7 9.3 9.2 7.6 6.8 7.5 8.2 9.9 106.2
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 1.0
Source: NOAA (snow 1981–2010)[14][15][16]

Notable natural disasters

[edit]

March 2016 flood

[edit]

In March 2016, rainfall amounts ranging between 15 and 20 inches fell area-wide over 3 days, more than any 3-day period ever previously recorded. In Ouachita Parish alone, there were 9,500 homes with flood damage, and 5,400 were completely flooded. More than 1,700 high-water rescues were performed.[17]

2020 tornado

[edit]

As part of the 2020 Easter tornado outbreak, on April 12, the community was struck by a low-end EF3 tornado. Damage was severe, but there were no deaths or injuries due to advance warnings.[18]

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
1850435—
18701,949—
18802,0706.2%
18903,25657.3%
19005,42866.7%
191010,20988.1%
192012,67524.2%
193026,028105.3%
194028,3098.8%
195038,57236.3%
196052,21935.4%
197056,3748.0%
198057,5972.2%
199054,909−4.7%
200053,107−3.3%
201048,815−8.1%
202047,702−2.3%
2023 (est.)46,616[5]−2.3%
U.S. Decennial Census[19]
2020 Census[4]
Monroe racial composition as of 2020[20]
Race Number Percentage
White (non-Hispanic) 14,398 30.18%
Black or African American (non-Hispanic) 30,166 63.24%
Native American 84 0.18%
Asian 835 1.75%
Pacific Islander 10 0.02%
Other/mixed 1,221 2.56%
Hispanic or Latino 988 2.07%

As of the 2020 census, there were 47,702 people, 17,327 households, and 9,811 families residing in the city. At the 2019 American Community Survey, there were 48,241 people and 17,327 households. In 2010, the population was 48,815, declining from the city's historic high of 57,597 at the 1980 U.S. census.

Of the 17,327 households in 2019, there were 7,409 owner-occupied housing units. An estimated 3,493 of owner-occupied housing units were married couples living together; 354 were male households with no female present, and 927 were female households with no male present. There was an average family size of 3.58; 27.4% of all households were married couples living together, 29.8% were male households with no female present, and 46.4% were female households with no male present.

The median income for a household in the city was $30,438 versus $51,073 nationwide. Families had an annual median income of $38,374, married-couple families $75,089, and non-family households $21,210. Approximately 36.8% of the population lived at or below the poverty line; 54.1% under 18 years, 32.2% aged 18 to 16, and 21.3% aged 65 and older lived at or below the poverty line in 2019.

In 2019, the racial and ethnic makeup of the city was 62.0% Black or African American, 32.7% non-Hispanic or Latin American white, 0.2% American Indian and Alaska Native, 0.8% Asian, 1.0% some other race, 0.9% two or more races, and 2.3% Hispanic and Latin American of any race.[21] Among the Hispanic and Latin American population at the 2019 American Community Survey, the largest groups were Mexican Americans (1.2%) and Puerto Ricans (0.1%). Other Hispanic and Latin Americans made up 1.0% of the total population. Vietnamese and Chinese Americans were the largest Asian American groups in the city, followed by Asian Indians; the Vietnamese community in Monroe and the rest of Louisiana grew following the Vietnam War.[22]

Religion

[edit]
First Baptist Church, Monroe

As part of the Bible Belt, Christianity is the largest religion in Monroe, the city's metropolitan area, and North Louisiana.[23] In common with much of northern and Central Louisiana, Baptists makes up the largest Christian denomination by affiliation. As a predominantly-African-American city, the largest Baptist denominations are the National Baptist Convention, USA; the National Baptist Convention of America; and the Progressive National Baptist Convention. The Southern Baptist Convention also has churches throughout the Monroe area.[24]

Methodism make up the second-largest Christian denomination by affiliation, primarily divided among the African Methodist Episcopal and Christian Methodist Episcopal churches. The Catholic Church is the third-largest, and the city's Catholic population is served by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Shreveport as of 2021.[25] Pentecostalism is a growing tradition among the population, divided among Classical Pentecostals, and Oneness Pentecostals. The Church of God in Christ and United Pentecostal Church are the largest Pentecostal denominations in the city and metropolitan area; there are also some independent Oneness Pentecostal churches in the city.

Islam is Monroe's second-largest religion. Muslims are predominantly Sunni, though the Nation of Islam also maintains a presence in the area. Former mayor Jamie Mayo controversially awarded a key to the city to the head of the Nation of Islam Louis Farrakhan.[26][27]

Judaism is Monroe's third-largest religion, with most being of the Reform denomination. Temple B'nai Israel, established in 1868, is Monroe's oldest synagogue.[28][29]

Economy

[edit]
St. Francis Medical Center is located off Interstate 20 in downtown Monroe.

Top employers

[edit]
Pecanland Mall south entrance

According to the city's 2019 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[30] the largest employers in the city are:

# Employer # of employees
1 Ouachita Parish School Board 2,844
2 Lumen Technologies, Inc. (formerly CenturyLink) 2,360
3 St. Francis Specialty Hospital 1,584
4 Monroe City Schools 1,348
5 IASIS Healthcare (Glenwood Regional Medical Center) 1,156
6 City of Monroe 1,105
7 JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. 930
8 Walmart (three locations) 912
9 University of Louisiana at Monroe 885
10 Graphic Packaging Holding Company 840

Shopping

[edit]

Government

[edit]
Monroe City Hall in 2023

Monroe uses a mayor–council form of government. It is led by a city council consisting of a mayor and five councilors. The mayor is elected at large and city councilors are elected by members of a geographic district. The city council holds meetings the second and fourth Tuesday of every month at 6:00pm. The agenda is posted at city hall 5 days prior to the meeting. Each city council meeting has time for public comment.[32]

In the Louisiana State Legislature, Monroe is in the 33rd and 34th Senate districts, represented by Republican Stewart Cathey Jr. and Democrat Katrina Jackson, and the 14th, 16th, and 17th House districts, represented by Republican Michael Charles Echols, and Democrats Adrian Fisher and Patricia "Pat" Moore.[33][34]

Monroe is located in Louisiana's 5th congressional district, represented by Julia Letlow in the United States House of Representatives.

Art and culture

[edit]
Monroe Convention Hall across Monroe Civic Center designed by Hugh G. Parker, Jr.

The Monroe Civic Center has multiple facilities, the main complex being the Civic Center arena.[35] The arena provides 44,000 square feet (4,100 m2) of exhibit space along with 5,600 seats, with a larger potential capacity of up to 7,200 seats. The arena houses events such as banquets, circuses, and rodeos.

The Chennault Aviation and Military Museum in Monroe

The center also holds the B. D. Robinson Conference Hall,[36] Monroe Convention Center,[37] equestrian pavilion, and the 2,200-seat W. L. Jack Howard Theatre[38] named for W. L. "Jack" Howard, the Union Parish native who served as mayor of Monroe from 1956 to 1972 and again from 1976 to 1978. The Harvey H. Benoit Recreation Center is used for basketball games and has outdoor tennis courts.[39]

During the last week of June, Monroe hosts the annual Miss Louisiana pageant.[40]

Monroe is the home of the Louisiana Purchase Gardens and Zoo, which collectively maintains over 500 animals. It also offers boat rides and a catwalk, in addition to other seasonal activities.[41]

The Monroe area is home to several museums, including the Northeast Louisiana Children's Museum,[42][43] the Biedenharn Museum and Gardens,[44] the Chennault Aviation and Military Museum,[45][46] the Masur Museum of Arts,[47] and the Northeast Louisiana Delta African-American Heritage Museum.[48][49] This is one of the 26 sites identified in the early 21st century as part of the state's African American Heritage Trail.[50]

Parks and Recreation

[edit]

Monroe is home to the Black Bayou Lake National Wildlife Refuge. Admission is free.

Black Bayou Lake National Wildlife Refuge

Parks

[edit]

The City of Monroe owns and operates 17 city parks.[51]

  • Jesse Williams Park
  • Lamyville/Magnolia Park
  • Charles Johnson Park
  • Orange Street Park
  • Mt. Nebo Playground Park
  • Anita Lane Park
  • Hawthorne Street Park
  • Myrtle Street Park
  • Jasmine Street/Civic Street Park
  • Triangle/Stuart Park
  • Lida Benton Playground
  • Anna Grey Noe Park
  • Henry Bry Park
  • River Oaks Neighborhood Park
  • Sherrouse Neighborhood Park
  • Forsythe Point Recreation Area
  • Forsythe Park

Golf

[edit]

Professional Sports

[edit]

Monroe was home to the Monroe Moccasins minor league hockey team in the Western Professional Hockey League from 1997 to 2001. The team will resume play in 2024.

Media

[edit]
Further information: Media in Monroe, Louisiana

The Gannett owned News Star is the primary daily newspaper serving Monroe and area.

Monroe is served by two African-American-owned weekly newspapers: the Monroe Free Press and the Monroe Dispatch. The Free Press was founded in 1969 by Roosevelt Wright, Jr., and The Dispatch was founded in 1975 by Irma and Frank Detiege. The Ouachita Citizen is a locally owned and operated weekly newspaper that was founded in 1924. It has all-local coverage of events in Ouachita Parish, including Monroe, West Monroe, Sterlington and Richwood.

Television

[edit]

Monroe is the principal city of the Monroe media market for television. Both KNOE-TV and KTVE offer a full range of network and local daily news programming.

Radio

[edit]

Monroe is served by local radio station KJLO,[52] and KMVX,[53] that also broad KMLB AM 540.[54]

Emergency alert stations

[edit]
  • KMLB-KNOE 540 AM
  • KMVX-KNOE 101.9 FM
  • KNOE TV 8
  • KTVE-TV 10
  • KARD-TV 14

Education

[edit]
University of Louisiana Monroe Library and Conference Center
Monroe City High School historic postcard, dated 1907)

Colleges and universities

[edit]

High schools

[edit]
Further information: Monroe City Schools

Monroe's department of education, Monroe City Schools, operates separately from the larger Ouachita Parish School System. The department consists of three high schools, three junior high schools, and 18 elementary schools.[55]

Infrastructure

[edit]

National Guard

[edit]

Monroe is home to the 528th Engineer Battalion of the Louisiana Army National Guard. This unit is part of the 225th Engineer Brigade which is headquartered in Pineville, Louisiana at Louisiana National Guard Training Center Pineville.

Transportation

[edit]

Monroe was the founding city of Delta Air Lines in the 1920s. As the airline expanded, it moved to Atlanta. Monroe Regional Airport serves the city and northeast Louisiana. It has three main runways and is served by regional partners of American Airlines and Delta Air Lines.

Greyhound Bus Lines provides transportation from Monroe to many cities across the nation. Monroe has the oldest municipally-owned transit system in the nation. Created in 1906 as a four-line street railroad, the Monroe Transit System now provides 13 fixed bus routes covering most areas of the city, and three demand-response buses serving the disabled.[56]

Monroe can be accessed from Interstate 20, U.S. Highway 165, Louisiana Highway 15, U.S. Highway 80, and Interstate 420 (proposed).

Kansas City Southern, Union Pacific, BNSF, and Norfolk Southern serve freight traffic in the city.

Notable people

[edit]
Main article: List of people from Monroe, Louisiana

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Monroe, Louisiana - Code of Ordinances (Charter)". municode.com. Retrieved May 20, 2022.
  2. ^ "2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 24, 2022.
  3. ^ a b U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Monroe, Louisiana
  4. ^ a b c "Explore Census Data". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved December 30, 2023.
  5. ^ a b "City and Town Population Totals: 2020-2023". United States Census Bureau. June 25, 2024. Retrieved August 27, 2024.
  6. ^ "Monroe (LA) sales tax rate". Retrieved December 31, 2023.
  7. ^ [1] Northeast Passage, Louisiana Life, Winter 2003/2004
  8. ^ a b Sirmans, Susan (2011). "Pharmacy and Medicine in Nineteenth-Century Ouachita Parish, Louisiana". Pharmacy in History. 53 (2/3): 83–98. JSTOR 23645709. PMID 23045878. Retrieved May 20, 2022.
  9. ^ Sirmans, Susan (February 3, 2024). "Pharmacy and Medicine in Nineteenth-Century Ouachita Parish, Louisiana". Pharmacy in History. 53 (2/3): 83–98. JSTOR 23645709.
  10. ^ "Biedenharn Museum and Gardens". goby.com. Retrieved August 18, 2010.
  11. ^ "Delta Heritage Museum". deltamuseum.org. Retrieved August 18, 2010.
  12. ^ Bonnie Bolden (December 23, 2016). "Howard Griffin Land O' Toys lives on in memory". The Monroe News-Star. Retrieved February 18, 2017.
  13. ^ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. October 25, 2007. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  14. ^ "NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved August 20, 2021.
  15. ^ "Station: Monroe RGNL AP, LA". U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991–2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved August 20, 2021.
  16. ^ "Station: Monroe Regional Airport, LA". U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1981-2010). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved August 20, 2021.
  17. ^ Robichaud, Dylan (March 8, 2017). "Remembering the March 2016 flooding-Experts say it could happen again". knoe.com. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
  18. ^ "Easter Tornado Outbreak Spawns 140 Tornadoes From Texas to Maryland (RECAP) | The Weather Channel - Articles from The Weather Channel | weather.com". The Weather Channel. Retrieved August 19, 2021.
  19. ^ "Census of Population and Housing". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 10, 2013.
  20. ^ "Explore Census Data". data.census.gov. Retrieved December 29, 2021.
  21. ^ "2019 Demographic and Housing Estimates". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved August 19, 2021.
  22. ^ "Vietnamese in Louisiana". 64 Parishes. Retrieved August 19, 2021.
  23. ^ "Religion in Monroe, Louisiana". Sperling's BestPlaces. Retrieved August 19, 2021.
  24. ^ Agency, Mere. "SBC Churches Directory". Southern Baptist Convention. Retrieved August 19, 2021.
  25. ^ "Monroe & West Monroe". The Catholic Diocese of Shreveport. Retrieved August 19, 2021.
  26. ^ "Nation of Islam hate group thanks MPD officials for Farrakhan escort". Hanna Newspapers. December 27, 2017. Retrieved August 19, 2021.
  27. ^ "Mayo: Nothing Farrakhan said was 'not true'". Hanna Newspapers. February 9, 2018. Retrieved August 19, 2021.
  28. ^ "ISJL - Louisiana Monroe Encyclopedia". Goldring/Woldenberg Institute of Southern Jewish Life. Retrieved August 19, 2021.
  29. ^ Russell, Olivia (March 21, 2019). "Celebrating 150 years of Judaism in Northeast Louisiana". KNOE. Retrieved August 19, 2021.
  30. ^ "City of Monroe 2019 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report" (PDF). December 30, 2023. p. 216.
  31. ^ "Retail Space for Lease in Monroe, LA | Pecanland Mall". Brookfieldpropertiesretail.com.
  32. ^ "How Your City Government Works". City of Monroe, Louisiana. Retrieved September 13, 2023.
  33. ^ "Senators | Full Info". www.senate.la.gov. Retrieved September 13, 2023.
  34. ^ "Full Member Info". house.louisiana.gov. Retrieved September 13, 2023.
  35. ^ "Monroe-WestMonroe - Monroe Civic Center". www.monroe-westmonroe.org. Retrieved August 20, 2021.
  36. ^ "B.D. Robinson Conference Hall". City of Monroe, Louisiana. Retrieved August 20, 2021.
  37. ^ "Convention Center | Monroe Civic Center". Retrieved August 20, 2021.
  38. ^ "W.L. "Jack" Howard Theatre | Monroe Civic Center". Retrieved August 20, 2021.
  39. ^ "Harvey H. Benoit Recreation Center". Monroela.us. Retrieved May 5, 2019.
  40. ^ "Sarah Eddington, "Contestants excited about 50th Miss Louisiana competition in Monroe"". Alexandria Daily Town Talk. Archived from the original on June 28, 2013. Retrieved June 25, 2013.
  41. ^ "Louisiana Purchase Gardens & Zoo". City of Monroe, Louisiana. Retrieved August 20, 2021.
  42. ^ "General Info". Northeast Louisiana Children's Museum. Retrieved August 20, 2021.
  43. ^ "Northeast Louisiana Children's museum to relocate to Forsythe Park". KTVE - myarklamiss.com. July 2, 2021. Retrieved August 20, 2021.
  44. ^ "Monroe-WestMonroe - Biedenharn Museum & Gardens". www.monroe-westmonroe.org. Retrieved August 20, 2021.
  45. ^ "Home". Chennault Aviation Museum. Retrieved August 20, 2021.
  46. ^ "Chennault Military Museum". The Heart of Louisiana. September 15, 2020. Retrieved August 20, 2021.
  47. ^ Yoshonis, Scott. "Masur Museum is back in business after COVID shutdown, tornado". The News-Star. Retrieved August 20, 2021.
  48. ^ "Northeast Louisiana Delta African American Heritage Museum". Country Roads Magazine. Retrieved August 20, 2021.
  49. ^ "African American Heritage Museum: Celebrating a culture". The News-Star. Retrieved August 20, 2021.
  50. ^ "Walk along the African American Heritage Trail". NBC News. March 14, 2008. Retrieved August 20, 2021.
  51. ^ "Parks and Recreation". City of Monroe, Louisiana. Retrieved September 13, 2023.
  52. ^ "Listen Live K-104 - KJLO FM 104.1 - Monroe". Streame.co.
  53. ^ "Search results for KMVX online radios | Radio stations". Streame.co.
  54. ^ "Listen Live Talk 540 - KMLB AM 540 - Monroe". Streame.co.
  55. ^ "Home - Monroe City Schools". Mcschools.net.
  56. ^ "Monroe Transit". Archived from the original on December 22, 2014. Retrieved February 1, 2015.
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